Body mass index, performance on activities of daily living and cognition: analysis in two different populations.

BACKGROUND: With this study, we aim to determine the associations of the different categories of the body mass index (BMI) with activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive performance in two different populations living in the community; Colombian and South Korean older adults. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of two surveys separately; The Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Colombia (SABE) (n = 23,343) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of aging (KLoSA) (n = 4556). Participants older than 50 years were selected from rural and urban areas achieving a representative sample. Here we investigated the association between BMI categories with function using zero-inflated negative binomial regressions, and with cognition using logistic regression models. RESULTS: After adjustment, in Colombia, underweight was associated with an impaired score on the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and worse performance in the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Also, being overweight was associated with a better score on the MMSE and the IADL. For both outcomes education level significantly influenced the predictions. In South Korea, there were no significant associations for cognition, IADL, or basic activities of daily living (BADL). CONCLUSIONS: In the Colombian population, underweight, was associated with reduced cognitive performance and daily functioning. Additionally, being overweight but not obese was associated with better cognition and daily functioning. In South Korea, there were no significant associations between BMI and cognition, IADL, or BADL.

Factors associated with functional loss among community-dwelling Mexican older adults. / Factores asociados con el deterioro funcional en adultos mayores mexicanos

INTRODUCTION: Functional status decline is related to many negative outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of sociodemographic, medical, and psychological factors with the incidence of functional status decline in Mexican older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the 2012 and 2015 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) survey were analyzed. Participants with previous functional status decline at baseline were excluded. We assessed functional status decline individually with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADLs) in an individual way. RESULTS: Age was associated with functional limitations in ADL. Being male had an association with limitations for IADL. A poor financial situation and lower education related to higher limitations for ADL. Furthermore, pain, comorbidities, and depression were found to be independently associated with limitations in ADL. IADL limitation was associated with age, poor education, comorbidities, and depression, as well as cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: We found that factors such as age, financial status, educational level, pain, and the number of comorbidities were associated with the incidence of functional status decline. Pain had a greater association in the 3-year functional ADL decline incidence when compared with cognitive impairment. Studying functional decline by domains allowed us to find more detailed information to identify factors susceptible to intervention with the aim to reduce the incidence of functional status decline and dependence.

Introducción. El deterioro funcional está relacionado con muchos resultados adversos. Objetivo. Explorar la relación de los factores sociodemográficos, médicos y psicológicos con la incidencia del deterioro funcional en los adultos mayores mexicanos. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron los datos de las cohortes de 2012 y 2015 de la encuesta del Estudio Mexicano de Salud y Envejecimiento. Se excluyeron los participantes con discapacidad funcional en el período de referencia (2012). Se evaluó de forma individual el deterioro funcional en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (AVD) y en las instrumentales (AIVD). Resultados. Se encontró que el dolor, las comorbilidades, el nivel educativo, el estatus socioeconómico y la depresión se asociaban independientemente con el deterioro de las AVD. El deterioro de las AIVD se asoció con la edad, la educación deficiente, las comorbilidades, la depresión y el deterioro cognitivo. Conclusiones. La edad, el sexo, el estado financiero, el nivel educativo, el dolor y el número de comorbilidades se asociaron con la incidencia del deterioro funcional. El dolor tuvo una mayor asociación con la incidencia del deterioro funcional en las AVD a los tres años, en comparación con el deterioro cognitivo. El estudio del deterioro funcional por dominios permitió recabar información más detallada para determinar los factores que pueden intervenirse con el objetivo de reducir la incidencia del deterioro funcional y la dependencia.

Hippocampal subfields and decline in activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Background: Hippocampal atrophy is presented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Cognition, dual-tasks, muscular function, goal-related behaviors and neuropsychiatric symptoms are linked to hippocampal volumes and may lead to functional decline in activities of daily living. We examined the association between baseline hippocampal subfield volumes (HSv) in mild AD and DLB, and functional decline. Materials & methods: 12 HSv were computed from structural magnetic resonance images using Freesurfer 6.0 segmentation. Functional decline was assessed using the rapid disability rating scale score. Linear regressions were conducted. Results: In AD, HSv were smaller bilaterally. However, HSv were not associated with functional decline. Conclusion: Functional decline does not depend on HSv in mild AD and DLB.

Factors associated with functional loss among community-dwelling Mexican older adults / Factores asociados con el deterioro funcional en adultos mayores mexicanos

Introduction: Functional status decline is related to many negative outcomes. Objective: To explore the relationship of sociodemographic, medical, and psychological factors with the incidence of functional status decline in Mexican older adults. Materials and methods: Data from the 2012 and 2015 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) survey were analyzed. Participants with previous functional status decline at baseline were excluded. We assessed functional status decline individually with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADLs) in an individual way. Results: Age was associated with functional limitations in ADL. Being male had an association with limitations for IADL. A poor financial situation and lower education related to higher limitations for ADL. Furthermore, pain, comorbidities, and depression were found to be independently associated with limitations in ADL. IADL limitation was associated with age, poor education, comorbidities, and depression, as well as cognitive impairment. Conclusions: We found that factors such as age, financial status, educational level, pain, and the number of comorbidities were associated with the incidence of functional status decline. Pain had a greater association in the 3-year functional ADL decline incidence when compared with cognitive impairment. Studying functional decline by domains allowed us to find more detailed information to identify factors susceptible to intervention with the aim to reduce the incidence of functional status decline and dependence.

Introducción. El deterioro funcional está relacionado con muchos resultados adversos. Objetivo. Explorar la relación de los factores sociodemográficos, médicos y psicológicos con la incidencia del deterioro funcional en los adultos mayores mexicanos. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron los datos de las cohortes de 2012 y 2015 de la encuesta del Estudio Mexicano de Salud y Envejecimiento. Se excluyeron los participantes con discapacidad funcional en el período de referencia (2012). Se evaluó de forma individual el deterioro funcional en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (AVD) y en las instrumentales (AIVD). Resultados. Se encontró que el dolor, las comorbilidades, el nivel educativo, el estatus socioeconómico y la depresión se asociaban independientemente con el deterioro de las AVD. El deterioro de las AIVD se asoció con la edad, la educación deficiente, las comorbilidades, la depresión y el deterioro cognitivo. Conclusiones. La edad, el sexo, el estado financiero, el nivel educativo, el dolor y el número de comorbilidades se asociaron con la incidencia del deterioro funcional. El dolor tuvo una mayor asociación con la incidencia del deterioro funcional en las AVD a los tres años, en comparación con el deterioro cognitivo. El estudio del deterioro funcional por dominios permitió recabar información más detallada para determinar los factores que pueden intervenirse con el objetivo de reducir la incidencia del deterioro funcional y la dependencia.

Association between physical activity and cognition in Mexican and Korean older adults.

INTRODUCTION: As the world's population ages, the prevalence of cognitive impairment associated with age increases. This increase is particularly pronounced in Asia and South-America. The objective of this study was to investigate separately the longitudinal association of physical activity and cognitive function in; older adults in Mexico and South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of two surveys, The Mexican Health and aging Study (MHAS) (n = 5853) and Korean Longitudinal Study of aging (KLoSA) (n = 5188), designed to study the aging process of older adults living in Mexico and South Korea. Participants older than 50 years were selected from rural and urban areas achieving a representative sample. Physical activity was assessed using self-report. Cognition was assessed using Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination (CCCE) and Minimental state examination (MMSE) in Mexico and South Korea respectively. Here we investigate the longitudinal association between physical activity and cognition during 3 years for MHAS and 4 years for KLoSA using multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of physical activity was 40.68 % in MHAS and 35.57 % in KLoSA. In the adjusted longitudinal multivariate analysis, an independent association was found between physical activity and MMSE score OR 0.0866 (CI 0.0266-0.1467 p-value 0.0047) in the Korean older adults, while there was no significant association in MHAS. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity could have a protective effect on the cognitive decline associated with aging in the Korean population.