Suggested excess of occupational cancers in Norwegian offshore workers: preliminary results from the Cancer Registry Offshore Cohort.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this communication was to report the overall incidence of cancer in a cohort of male Norwegian offshore oil workers. METHODS: The Offshore Cohort was comprised of >25,000 men who were employed at installations in the North Sea in the period 1965-1999, and who responded to a questionnaire that included work history offshore, other occupational experience, education, leisure-time activities, and lifestyle factors. Calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIR), we compared the number of prospective incident cancers diagnosed between 1999 and 2005 with those expected for age-, gender- and period-specific rates in the general Norwegian population. RESULTS: The overall cancer incidence did not differ from that of the reference population [SIR=1.0, 95% -confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0-1.1, N=695]. There were indications of excess risks of acute myeloid leukemia (SIR=2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.7) and cancer of the pleura (SIR=2.2, 95% CI 0.9-4.6). No data on occupational history was used in these preliminary analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The cohort was relatively young and an extended observation period would be important for in-depth analyses. The suggested excess of leukemia and cancer of the pleura may be linked to occupational exposure during employment offshore; this issue needs to be addressed in further studies.

Marriage after cancer in older adulthood.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer's impact on family formation in older adulthood is not well described. Marriage rates among older adults were therefore explored. METHOD: Data on the unmarried Norwegian population aged 45-80 in 1974-2001 (N = 306 000) was retrieved from the Cancer Registry, the Central Population Register, and population censuses. Marriage rates for 27,600 persons diagnosed with cancer were compared to those of the general population by means of discrete-time hazard regression models. RESULTS: Men with cancer had a similar marriage rate as cancer-free men, whereas women experienced a 25% marriage deficit after cancer. This deficit was most pronounced after ovarian (OR 0.48) and breast (OR 0.69) cancer. Marriage rates decreased with time from diagnosis. No cancer forms elevated marriage rates. CONCLUSION: Marriage rates among older male cancer survivors are similar to those of the general population. Ovarian and breast cancer in older women was associated with pronounced marriage deficits. A possible explanation is that these gender-specific cancers relate to aspects of persons' psychological well-being, body image, and sense of femininity. Long-term adverse treatment effects are also common for the cancers in question. To explore explanations further, more details on treatment and illness progression are needed. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Increased awareness of how ovarian and breast cancer may affect (prospects of) interpersonal relationships is valuable for cancer survivors and clinicians, and may facilitate communication of relevant, related issues during consultations. Our findings may suggest a need for more extensive psychosocial follow-up after these gender-specific cancer forms in older women, but further research is clearly warranted.