ABSTRACT
Methotrexate is mainly used to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its potential for nephrotoxicity has always been a significant concern on the use of this medication. This study aimed to determine the rate of renal fibrosis using transient elastography and its relationship with cumulative dose and duration of drug use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. TGFß gene expression was also assessed for further evaluation. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received methotrexate for more than six months were included. Renal fibrosis was determined by measuring the stiffness of the kidney by elastography (FiberScan Device). RA patients were divided into two groups based on kidney stiffness measurement with and without renal fibrosis, and demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters were compared to investigate the relationship between cumulative dose and duration of methotrexate treatment and renal fibrosis. Also, in this study, 50 controls (healthy people) and 50 cases (RA patients) were used to evaluate the expression of the TGFß gene by real-time PCR method. The existence of kidney fibrosis was observed in 10 patients. There was no significant relationship between renal fibrosis and the cumulative dose (P = 0.21) and duration of methotrexate (P = 0.30). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the chances of developing renal fibrosis in patients increase with increasing serum ALT levels (P = 0.01). The results of the TGFß gene expression showed that the expression of this gene in the group of RA patients with fibrosis was higher than the control group (healthy people) and the group of RA patients without fibrosis (P <0.01). These results showed that evaluation of renal fibrosis by elastography method is recommended for scanning RA patients while they are being treated with methotrexate, which is also confirmed by the results of the fibrosis-related-gene expression.
Subject(s)
Antirheumatic Agents , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Elasticity Imaging Techniques , Kidney Diseases , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/chemically induced , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics , Fibrosis , Gene Expression , Humans , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases/genetics , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Transforming Growth Factor beta/geneticsABSTRACT
Giant coronary artery aneurysms are rare, with reported incidence of 0.02-0.2% (Morita H, Ozawa H, Yamazaki S, Yamauchi Y, Tsuji M, Katsumata T, et al. A case of giant coronary artery aneurysm with fistulous connection to the pulmonary artery: a case report and review of the literature. Intern Med. 2012; 51:1361-6.). Multiple giant aneurysms involving all three coronary arteries are even rarer. We report a rare case of multiple giant aneurysms involving the right coronary, left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries, supplemented with excellent multimodality imaging representations, i.e. plain radiograph, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography coronary angiogram.
ABSTRACT
The drug-trafficking business has risen tremendously because of the current increased demand for illegal narcotics. The smugglers conceal the drugs in their bodies (body packers) in order to bypass the tight security at international borders. A suspected body packer will normally be sent to the hospital for imaging investigations to confirm the presence of drugs in the body. Radiologists, therefore, need to be familiar with and able to identify drug packets within the human body because they shoulder the legal responsibilities. This pictorial essay describes the characteristic imaging features of drug packets within the gastrointestinal tract.
