ABSTRACT
Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae) is one of the most serious diseases infecting rice worldwide. In the present study, virulence pattern of six P. oryzae pathotypes (P0.0, P0.2, P1.0, P3.0, P7.0 and P9.0) identified from the blast pathogen collected in Peninsular Malaysia, were evaluated using a set of 22 IRRI-bred blast resistance lines (IRBL) as well as to determine the resistance genes involved. The information on the virulence of the blast pathotypes and the resistance genes involved is important for breeding of new rice variety for durable resistance against blast disease. The IRBL was established from 22 monogenic lines, harbouring 22 resistance genes [Pia, Pib, Pii, Pit, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pish, Pi1, Pik, Pik-s, Pik-m, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9, Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pi19, Pi20(t), Pita-2, and Pita=Pi4(t)]. Based on the disease severity patterns, the tested pathotypes were avirulence towards seven IRBLs [IRBLi-F5, IRBLk-Ka, IRBLkh-K3, IRBLz-Fu, IRBLsh-S, IRBLPi7 (t) and IRBL9-W] of which these IRBLs harbouring Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9 resistance genes, respectively. Therefore, the results suggested that the seven IRBLs carrying seven resistance genes [Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) and Pi9] would be suitable candidates of resistance genes to be incorporated in new breeding lines to combat the current blast pathotypes in the field.
Karah padi yang disebabkan oleh Pyricularia oryzae merupakan salah satu penyakit paling signifikan yang memberi kesan terhadap tanaman padi di seluruh dunia. Dalam kajian ini, corak kevirulenan enam patotip, P0.0, P0.2, P1.0, P3.0, P7.0 dan P9.0 yang dikenal pasti dari pencilan P. oryzae yang dikumpul dari Semenanjung Malaysia, dinilai menggunakan satu set 22 galur rintangan biakan karah-IRRI (IRBL) serta untuk menganggar gen rintangan yang terlibat. Maklumat mengenai kevirulenan patotaip karah dan gen rintangan terlibat adalah penting untuk pembiakbakaan varieti padi baru untuk kerintangan terhadap penyakit karah. IRBL dibangunkan dari 22 galur monogen, mengandungi 22 gen rintangan [Pia, Pib, Pii, Pit, Pi3, Pi5(t), Pish, Pi1, Pik, Pik-s, Pik-m, Pik-h, Pik-p, Pi7(t), Pi9, Piz, Piz-5, Piz-t, Pi19, Pi20(t), Pita-2, and Pita=Pi4(t)]. Berdasarkan corak tindakbalas penyakit, patotip yang diuji adalah avirulens terhadap tujuh IRBL [IRBLi-F5, IRBLk-Ka, IRBLkh-K3, IRBLz-Fu, IRBLsh-S, IRBLPi7(t) dan IRBL9-W] yang mengandungi gen rintangan Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) dan Pi9, masing-masing. Oleh itu, hasil kajian mencadangkan tujuh IRBL yang membawa tujuh gen rintangan [Pii, Pik, Pik-h, Piz, Pish, Pi7(t) dan Pi9] boleh menjadi calon gen rintangan yang sesuai untuk digabungkan ke dalam galur pembiakbakaan baharu untuk memerangi patotip karah di lapangan.
ABSTRACT
Pigmented rice is enriched with antioxidants, macro- and micronutrients. A comprehensive investigation of the gene expression patterns among the pigmented rice varieties would help to understand the cellular mechanism and biological processes of rice grain pigmentation. Hence, we performed RNA sequencing and analysis on the whole grain of dehusked mature seeds of selected six Malaysian rice varieties with varying grain pigmentations. These varieties were black rice (BALI and Pulut Hitam 9), red rice (MRM16 and MRQ100) and white rice (MR297 and MRQ76). Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 sequencer was used to generate total raw nucleotides of approximately 53 Gb in size. From 353,937,212 total paired-end raw reads, 340,131,496 total clean reads were obtained. The raw reads were deposited into European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) database and can be accessed via accession number PRJEB34340. This dataset allows us to identify and profile all expressed genes with functions related to nutritional traits (i.e. antioxidants, folate and amylose content) and quality trait (i.e. aroma) across both pigmented and non-pigmented rice varieties. In addition, the transcriptome data obtained will be valuable for discovery of potential gene markers and functional SNPs related to functional traits to assist in rice breeding programme.
