Association between Helicobacter pylori infection, mismatch repair, HER2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: The influence of Helicobacter-pylori (H. pylori) infection and the characteristics of gastric cancer (GC) on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels has not been extensively studied. Analysis of infiltrating-immune-cell subtypes as well as survival is necessary to obtain comprehensive information. AIM: To determine the rates of deficient mismatch-repair (dMMR), HER2-status and H. pylori infection and their association with TIL levels in GC. METHODS: Samples from 503 resected GC tumors were included and TIL levels were evaluated following the international-TILs-working-group recommendations with assessment of the intratumoral (IT), stromal (ST) and invasive-border (IB) compartments. The density of CD3, CD8 and CD163 immune cells, and dMMR and HER2-status were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). H. pylori infection was evaluated by routine histology and quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a subset of samples. RESULTS: dMMR was found in 34.4%, HER2+ in 5% and H. pylori-positive in 55.7% of samples. High IT-TIL was associated with grade-3 (P = 0.038), while ST-TIL with grade-1 (P < 0.001), intestinal-histology (P < 0.001) and no-recurrence (P = 0.003). dMMR was associated with high TIL levels in the ST (P = 0.019) and IB (P = 0.01) compartments, and ST-CD3 (P = 0.049) and ST-CD8 (P = 0.05) densities. HER2- was associated with high IT-CD8 (P = 0.009). H. pylori-negative was associated with high IT-TIL levels (P = 0.009) when assessed by routine-histology, and with high TIL levels in the 3 compartments (P = 0.002-0.047) and CD8 density in the IT and ST compartments (P = 0.001) when assessed by qPCR. A longer overall survival was associated with low IT-CD163 (P = 0.003) and CD8/CD3 (P = 0.001 in IT and P = 0.002 in ST) and high IT-CD3 (P = 0.021), ST-CD3 (P = 0.003) and CD3/CD163 (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: TIL levels were related to dMMR and H. pylori-negativity. Low CD8/CD3 and high CD163/CD3 were associated with lower recurrence and longer survival.

Breast cancer in northern Peru: molecular subtypes and HER2 low. / Cáncer de mama en el norte del Perú: subtipos moleculares y HER2 low.

This study aimed to understand the immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer and to identify the HER2 low subgroup in the northern macro-region of Peru. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1176 patients from the Regional Institute of Neoplastic Diseases Northern Peru, from January 2016 to December 2023. We analyzed the data (age, histological type, grade and complementary results), with frequencies and percentages. The profile corresponded to: luminal B (45.6%); luminal A (24.7%); triple negative (18.2%); and HER2 positive non luminal (11.5%). In addition, 215 patients presented HER2 low (25.1% of those previously considered negative). This study provides evidence that the subtyping of breast cancer has changed, being luminal B the most frequent. It is essential to involve health policies to acquire targeted therapies considering HER2 low patients. Motivation for the study. Molecular classification of breast cancer allows the use of targeted treatments. Information on this profile in the northern macroregion of Peru is unknown. In addition, new therapies have appeared for a subgroup of patients. Main findings. In this study, the most frequent molecular subtypes were: luminal B, luminal A, triple negative and non-luminal HER2. Also, 18.3% of patients had low HER2 expression. Implications. Health policies should be aligned with scientific advances, to guarantee targeted therapies and to update the information in health manuals or protocols.

El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el perfil inmunohistoquímico del cáncer de mama e identificar el subgrupo HER2 low en la macrorregión norte del Perú. Se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra de 1176 pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas Norte del Perú desde enero de 2016 a diciembre de 2023. Los datos recolectados (edad, tipo histológico, grado y resultados complementarios), se analizaron con frecuencias y porcentajes. El perfil correspondió a: luminal B (45,6%); luminal A (24,7%); triple negativo (18,2%); y HER2 positivo no luminal (11,5%). Además, HER2 low fueron 215 pacientes (25,1% de los considerados previamente negativos). Este estudio proporciona evidencia que la subtipificación de cáncer de mama ha cambiado, siendo luminal B más frecuente, y es esencial involucrar a políticas de salud para adquirir terapias dirigidas considerando a pacientes HER2 low. Motivación para realizar el estudio. La clasificación molecular del cáncer de mama permite utilizar tratamientos dirigidos. La información de este perfil en la macrorregión norte del Perú es desconocida. Además, han aparecido nuevas terapias para un subgrupo de pacientes. Principales hallazgos. En este estudio, los subtipos moleculares por orden de frecuencia fueron: luminal B, luminal A, triple negativo y HER2 no luminal. Asimismo, 18,3% de pacientes tuvieron expresión HER2 low. Implicancias. Las políticas de salud deben corresponderse con los avances científicos, para garantizar terapias dirigidas y actualizar la información de los manuales o protocolos de salud.

Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the cervix: case report and literature review.

Objective: To report an infrequent case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the cervix (PSRCC), review the literature and evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics. Material and methods: A 51-year-old female patient, with 3 years of disease characterised by gynaecologic bleeding and pelvic pain. On examination, cervix replaced by tumour and infiltrated parametria; with cytology and histology of adenocarcinoma with cells in a signet ring pattern. Disease extension studies were negative. Classified as PSRCC stage IIIB, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were indicated, but the patient died a month later. The bibliographic search included publications up to July 2023. Results: 32 cases with a mean age of 47.6 years were identified. The most frequent symptoms were uterine bleeding and abdominal and pelvic pain. The initial stages were treated surgically, some with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, with favourable responses; a difference from advanced cases. The average survival was 17.6 months. Conclusion: PSRCC is rare, with 32 cases reported according to the review. The expression with immunohistochemical and molecular techniques for the human papilloma virus can help confirm the gynaecological primary, but its diagnosis is one of exclusion, since its morphological pattern is related to other primaries, mainly digestive.

Cáncer de mama en el norte del Perú: subtipos moleculares y HER2 low / Breast cancer in northern Peru: molecular subtypes and HER2 low

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el perfil inmunohistoquímico del cáncer de mama e identificar el subgrupo HER2 low en la macrorregión norte del Perú. Se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra de 1176 pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas Norte del Perú desde enero de 2016 a diciembre de 2023. Los datos recolectados (edad, tipo histológico, grado y resultados complementarios), se analizaron con frecuencias y porcentajes. El perfil correspondió a: luminal B (45,6%); luminal A (24,7%); triple negativo (18,2%); y HER2 positivo no luminal (11,5%). Además, HER2 low fueron 215 pacientes (25,1% de los considerados previamente negativos). Este estudio proporciona evidencia que la subtipificación de cáncer de mama ha cambiado, siendo luminal B más frecuente, y es esencial involucrar a políticas de salud para adquirir terapias dirigidas considerando a pacientes HER2 low.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer and to identify the HER2 low subgroup in the northern macro-region of Peru. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1176 patients from the Regional Institute of Neoplastic Diseases Northern Peru, from January 2016 to December 2023. We analyzed the data (age, histological type, grade and complementary results), with frequencies and percentages. The profile corresponded to: luminal B (45.6%); luminal A (24.7%); triple negative (18.2%); and HER2 positive non luminal (11.5%). In addition, 215 patients presented HER2 low (25.1% of those previously considered negative). This study provides evidence that the subtyping of breast cancer has changed, being luminal B the most frequent. It is essential to involve health policies to acquire targeted therapies considering HER2 low patients.

Intraoperative cytology when cryostat is not available. A 7-year experience in a Peruvian cancer center.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative cytology (IC) is an alternative to frozen-section (FS) diagnosis. We present our experience with and the diagnostic value of IC during a 7-year period when FS was not available in a Peruvian Cancer Center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This 7-year retrospective single-arm review study includes IC procedures performed by three pathologists between 2012 and 2018. These IC reports were reviewed independently by one pathologist and were correlated with the histologic diagnoses, which were used as the gold standard. All IC preparations (imprint, scrape, and crush smears) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. IC interpretations were categorized as: malignant, benign, atypical, and "deferred to permanent sections." Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated by use of standard methods. RESULTS: A total of 1814 IC cases prepared from various organs obtained from 887 patients were reviewed. Malignant, benign, atypical, and "deferred to permanent sections" IC diagnoses were 26.3%, 68.9%, 3.7%, and 1.9%, respectively. Atypical and deferred cases were excluded from the statistical analysis; thus 1712 cases were found to be eligible. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy were 91.6%, 97.7%, 94.1%, 96.7%, and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In experienced hands, IC is a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate alternative diagnostic modality for intraoperative diagnosis when FS is not available.

Primary gastric myofibroblastic tumor in an adult at Perú: Case report and literature review.

Primary gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare neoplasm developed from mesenchymal stem cells, infrequently discussed in the scientific literature. Clinical diagnosis through endoscopy and pathology is challenging for the medical team. We report the case of a female patient with gastric obstruction syndrome due to a 10 cm tumor diagnosed with this disease by histology and immunohistochemistry.El tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio primario gástrico es una neoplasia rara desarrollada de células madre mesenquimales, e infrecuentemente discutido en la literatura científica. El diagnóstico clínico a través de endoscopia y patología es desafiante para el equipo. Nosotros reportamos el caso de una paciente mujer con síndrome de obstrucción gástrica por un tumor de 10 cm diagnosticado con esta enfermedad usando histología e inmunohistoquímica.

Tumor miofibroblástico primario gástrico en un adulto en el Perú: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Primary gastric myofibroblastic tumor in an adult at Perú: Case report and literature review

El tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio primario gástrico es una neoplasia rara desarrollada de células madre mesenquimales, e infrecuentemente discutido en la literatura científica. El diagnóstico clínico a través de endoscopia y patología es desafiante para el equipo. Nosotros reportamos el caso de una paciente mujer con síndrome de obstrucción gástrica por un tumor de 10 cm diagnosticado con esta enfermedad usando histología e inmunohistoquímica.

Primary gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare neoplasm developed from mesenchymal stem cells, infrequently discussed in the scientific literature. Clinical diagnosis through endoscopy and pathology is challenging for the medical team. We report the case of a female patient with gastric obstruction syndrome due to a 10 cm tumor diagnosed with this disease by histology and immunohistochemistry.

Carcinoma primario peritoneal sincrónico con tumor de músculo liso de potencial maligno incierto: reporte de caso

El carcinoma seroso primario peritoneal (CSP) es una neoplasia maligna, agresiva e infrecuente que suele diagnosticarse de manera incidental, luego de haber excluido un primario ovárico. Otra rara entidad es el tumor del músculo liso uterino de potencial maligno incierto (STUMP), que es una patología límite entre leiomiomas y leiomiosarcomas. Su sincronismo no ha sido reportado en la literatura. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 50 años, con tiempo de enfermedad de doce meses, caracterizado por distensión abdominal progresiva, dolor, pérdida de peso y edema en miembros inferiores. La paciente fue intervenida quirúrgicamente por tumor uterino, a descartar sarcoma, encontrándose además de la neoplasia ginecológica lesiones sólidas peritoneales. El diagnóstico histológico fue STUMP sincrónico con CSP. La evolución fue desfavorable, falleciendo tres semanas después de la cirugía. En la literatura no encontramos casos de coexistencia de estas patologías, por lo que nuestro hallazgo representa un aporte en la oncología ginecológica.

Highlights from the 7th Oncological Pathology Conference 'Pathological Anatomy in the context of the National Cancer Law: An overview of the Latin American experience', 15, 22 and 23 July 2022, Trujillo, Peru.

The seventh session of the Oncological Pathology Conference (JoPaO) entitled 'Pathological Anatomy in the context of the National Cancer Law: An overview of the Latin American experience', was held virtually on July 15, 22 and 23. Peru was the headquarters for this event, where 17 national and international professors of high academic standing participated. They interacted in a multidisciplinary context through talks with national panellists and the general public. The recent promulgation of the 'National Cancer Law' fosters the development of discussion forums to analyse the national realities and uphold continuous learning about experiences in other Latin American countries with successful cancer programmes, in which pathology holds a principal role. The topics addressed during this JoPaO included the exchange of Latin American cancer management experiences, an emphasis on investments in and the development of strategic plans to improve care, the use of new technologies, laboratory quality control, and the need to advance scientific research.

Periodo intergenésico corto como factor de riesgo para cáncer ductal de la mama en pacientes del norte del Perú

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el tipo histológico más común y es una causa frecuente de muerte en las mujeres peruanas. Objetivo: Demostrar que el periodo intergenésico corto es un factor de riesgo para cáncer ductal de la mama. Material y Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles que incluyó 304 mujeres peruanas con diagnóstico histológico de carcinoma de mama, las mismas que se dividieron en dos grupos, uno con carcinoma ductal y el otro con carcinoma de tipo no ductal (control). Además del período intergenésico, se evaluaron paridad, edad al primer parto, edad al último parto, edad de diagnóstico histológico, intervalo entre el último parto y el diagnóstico y subtipo molecular. Resultados: La frecuencia de cáncer ductal en pacientes con periodo intergenésico corto fue de 78%. La razón entre la presencia de periodo intergenésico corto versus ausencia de este es 1,86 veces mayor en pacientes con cáncer ductal (IC 95%: 1,12 ­ 3,08). Además, existe asociación significativa con para edad del primer parto ≤ 20 años (p<0,001) e intervalo entre último hijo y diagnóstico > 10 años (p<0,001). Conclusión: El periodo intergenésico corto es un factor de riesgo para cáncer ductal de la mama; que además se puede modificar y utilizar como elemento de prevención, por lo que debería ser incluido en la historia clínica.

Background:Breast cancer is the most common histological type and it is a frequent cause of death in Peruvian women. To demonstrate that Objective:birth interval is a risk factor for ductal breast carcinoma. Material and Methods: This case-control study included 304 Peruvian women with histological diagnosis of breast carcinoma. They were divided into two groups, one with ductal carcinoma and another with non-ductal carcinoma (control). Besides birth interval; parity, age at first delivery, age at last delivery, age at histological diagnosis, interval from last delivery to diagnosis and molecular subtype were also evaluated. The frequency of Ductal breast cancer Results: was 78% in patients with short birth interval. The ratio between presence of short birth interval versus absence of short birth interval is 1.86 times higher in ductal breast cancer patients (CI 95%: 1,12-3,08). Additionally, there was significant association in age at first delivery ≤ 20 years (p<0,001) and interval from last delivery to diagnosis >10 years (p<0,001). short birth Conclusion:interval is a risk factor for ductal breast cancer, which can also be modified and used as a prevention element, so it should be included in the medicalrecord.

Cancer disease progression and death during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multidisciplinary analysis for the Peruvian setting.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began in China in late 2019, infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread virtually worldwide. This infection has adversely affected several countries; governments have outlined a series of political measures aimed to preserve the health and safety of their populations. In Peru, most actions have prioritised COVID-19 attention, with a subsequent gap in the healthcare facilities needed for other diseases. Cancer, one principal cause of death in the country, is usually diagnosed late. Moreover, in the pandemic context, the prevention and control of cancer have been negatively affected. Therefore, we carried out a multidisciplinary analysis using the Ishikawa diagram to identify the probable factors that contribute to cancer progression and deaths in Peru.

Interventional cytopathology and cancer in Peru: how to act during COVID-19?

The worldwide health crisis due to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has affected all healthcare systems. Low- and middle-income countries have needed to establish health strategies to combat the pandemic, many of which have collaterally affected the diagnosis and treatment of other illnesses. One of these other illnesses is cancer, which in Peru represents the primary cause of mortality. In recent decades, interventional cytopathology with fine-needle biopsy techniques has emerged as a minimally invasive, rapid, economical and effective procedure for diagnosing and staging cancer. However, in the current health context, it is confronted by the challenge of continuing to function in spite of the pandemic. This article reviews the existing literature on interventional cytopathology, the risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 and biosafety and provides recommendations for carrying out said procedures for the benefit of the patient and the safety of healthcare staff.

Perfil molecular y características clínico-patológicas del carcinoma mamario, con énfasis en la expresión del Ki 67: Experiencia inicial en instituto oncológico del norte del Perú / Molecular profile and clinical-pathological characteristics of the mammary carcinoma, with emphasis on the expression of Ki 67: Initial experience at the oncological institute of the north of Peru

Objetivo: Identificar el perfil molecular y las características clínicas y patológicas del carcinoma de mama de acuerdo a la variabilidad en la expresión del Ki 67. Material y métodos. Serie de casos, en el que se evaluaron 157 pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico e inmunohistoquímico de cáncer de mama atendidas en el IREN Norte (Perú) durante el período 2008 ­ 2015. Se clasificaron los tumores en Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 y Triple negativo. Se utilizo dos puntos de corte para evaluar el Ki 67:> 14% y > 20%, de acuerdo a lo sugerido en St. Gallen 2011 y 2013 respectivamente. Resultados. En el grupo de pacientes con Ki 67 > 20%, el subtipo molecular que predominó fue el Luminal B (n = 54; 34%). El tamaño tumoral más frecuente se ubicó en el grupo de > 2 a < 5 cm. (T2), representando 56% en el subtipo Luminal B, 28% en Luminal A, 69% en HER2 y 41% en el Triple negativo. En los pacientes con Ki 67 > 14%, el subtipo molecular y el tamaño tumoral predominante también fue el Luminal B (n = 73, 46%) y el T2. El tipo histológico más común fue el carcinoma ductal independientemente del punto de corte del valor de Ki 67. Conclusiones. La utilidad del valor porcentual del Ki 67 evaluado en dos puntos de corte es controversial; en nuestro estudio el perfil molecular y las características clínico-patológicas de cáncer de mama fueron relativamente similares en relación a Luminal A y Luminal B.

Objetive: Identify the molecular profile and the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast carcinoma according to the variability in Ki 67 expression. Material and methods. Case series, in which 157 patients with an anatomopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of breast cancer treated at IREN Norte (Peru) were evaluated during the period 2008-2015. The tumors were classified into Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 and Triple Negative. Two cut-off points were used to evaluate Ki 67: > 14% and > 20%, according to what was suggested in St. Gallen 2011 and 2013 respectively. Results. In the group of patients with Ki 67 > 20%, the mol ecul ar subtype that predominated was Luminal B (n = 54, 34%). The most frequent tumor size was in the group of > 2 to < 5 cm. (T2), representing 56% in the Luminal B subtype, 28% in Luminal A, 69% in HER2 and 41% in the Triple negative. In patients with Ki 67 > 14%, the molecular subtype and the predominant tumor size was also Luminal B (n = 73, 46%) and T2. The most common histological type was ductal carcinoma regardless of the cut-off point of the Ki 67 value Conclusions. The utility of the percentage value of Ki 67 evaluated at two cut points is controversial; in our study, the molecular profile and clinical-pathological characteristics of breast cancer were relatively similar in relation to Luminal A and Luminal B.

Diagnostic validity of fine-needle capillary cytology in palpable tumours at the Oncology Institute of Peru.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic validity of fine-needle capillary cytology (FNCC) in palpable tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, single-tray, cross-sectional diagnostic test study was carried out. We reviewed the cytological reports of the case files of the Cytology Unit of the Northern Regional Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (IREN) from January 2012 to December 2016. RESULTS: A total of 332 patients were selected, with an average age of 54.77 years (range 13-90 years); 61.4% of patients were female. The most frequent anatomical sites were lymph nodes (49.7%), thyroid (13.3%), breast (12.3%) and soft tissues (11.4%). Twenty-five cytologies did not have a histological correlation and six showed an atypical result. In the lymph node study, the most frequent pathology was metastatic carcinoma (49.7%), followed by lymphoma (13.3%). The FNCC had a sensitivity of 99.55%, a specificity of 98.77%, a positive predictive value of 99.55% and a negative predictive value of 98.77%. The positive likelihood ratio was 80.63%. CONCLUSIONS: FNCC is a useful, safe, reliable and economical ambulatory technique with minimal complications and high diagnostic accuracy.

Spontaneous testicular tumor regression: case report and historical review.

Spontaneous regression of a primary testicular germ-cell tumour (GCT), over time known as 'Burned out', 'Shrinking Seminoma', 'pT0', 'Burnout' or 'Spontaneous Regression', is an uncommon, generally metastatic phenomenon, which may present elevated tumour markers and a suspicious testicular ultrasound image. The histological study of the testicle demonstrated morphological changes of complete or partial tumour regression and found fibrous scarring and other characteristic changes of this phenomenon, which in some cases include vestiges of GCT. There are few publications on testicular GCT tumour regression and those that exist present limited data on the biology of the disease and its etiopathogenesis. This entity was recently recognised in the latest edition of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Classification of Tumours. We present our clinical, imaging, laboratory, cytohistological and management experience, as well as a historical review of the literature.

[Paratesticular sarcoma with synchronous renal carcinoma.] / Sarcoma indiferenciado pleomorfico paratesticular sincrónico con carcinoma renal.

OBJETIVE: Primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of the testicular tunics is rare, and synchronism with other malignancies of the urinary tract is uncommon, and may complicate the staging and therapeutic approach. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with primary paratesticular UPS with synchronous Renal Carcinoma. METHODS: Patient presenting with intrascrotal tumor who underwent left radical orchiectomy. In staging work up studies a second urologic neoplasia was found in the kidney. Histological diagnosis using immunohistochemical techniques for adequate characterization was performed. Adjuvant treatment options were evaluated. We review the literature and discuss the case. RESULTS: The UPS diagnosis was performed with immunohistochemistry. Paratesticular origin from testicular tunics was evident in the macroscopic evaluation. After finding the synchronic ipsilateral renal tumor, he underwent conventional left radical nephrectomy, ipsilateral adrenalectomy, excision of remnant left cord and para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy. He received chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Currently, after twelve months of follow-up there is no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The UPS is a heterogeneous group with an exclusion immunohistochemical diagnosis. Its management requires a multidisciplinary approach; the initial surgical treatment is accepted for the paratesticular mass with high section radical orchiectomy. Although there is insufficient evidence of the efficacy of adjunctive lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

Sarcoma indiferenciado pleomorfico paratesticular sincrónico con carcinoma renal / Paratesticular sarcoma with synchronous renal carcinoma

OBJETIVO: El Sarcoma Indiferenciado Pleomórfico (SIP) primario de las túnicas testiculares es raro y su sincronismo con otras neoplasias malignas de la vía urinaria más infrecuente, pudiendo complicar el estadiaje y planteamiento terapéutico. Aportamos a la literatura el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de SIP paratesticular primario de túnicas testiculares sincrónico con Carcinoma Renal. MÉTODO: Paciente con tumor intraescrotal que fue sometido a orquiectomía radical izquierda. En los estudios de extensión de enfermedad se encontró una segunda neoplasia urológica a nivel renal. Se realizó el diagnostico histológico utilizando técnicas de inmunohistoquimica para adecuada tipificación, se evaluaron alternativas terapéuticas. Se revisa la literatura existente y se discute la misma. RESULTADO: El diagnóstico de SIP fue realizado con inmunohistoquímica, su origen paratesticular en las túnicas testiculares fue evidente en la evaluación macroscópica. Después de encontrar sincronismo a nivel renal ipsilateral, fue sometido a nefrectomía radical convencional izquierda, adrenalectomía, exéresis de remanente de cordón izquierdo y linfadenectomía paraaórtica y pélvica. Recibió quimioterapia y radioterapia adyuvante. Actualmente, a doce meses de seguimiento, se encuentra sin evidencia de enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: Los SIP son un grupo heterogéneo con diagnóstico inmunohistoquímico de exclusión. Su manejo requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario; el tratamiento quirúrgico inicial aceptado para masas paratesticulares es la orquiectomía radical con sección alta del cordón. Aun no existe suficiente evidencia de la eficacia del tratamiento complementario con linfadenectomía, quimioterapia y/o radioterapia

OBJECTIVE: Primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of the testicular tunics is rare, and synchronism with other malignancies of the urinary tract is uncommon, and may complicate the staging and therapeutic approach. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with primary paratesticular UPS with synchronous Renal Carcinoma. METHODS: Patient presenting with intrascrotal tumor who underwent left radical orchiectomy. In staging work up studies a second urologic neoplasia was found in the kidney. Histological diagnosis using immunohistochemical techniques for adequate characterization was performed. Adjuvant treatment options were evaluated. We review the literature and discuss the case. RESULTS: The UPS diagnosis was performed with immunohistochemistry. Paratesticular origin from testicular tunics was evident in the macroscopic evaluation. After finding the synchronic ipsilateral renal tumor, he underwent conventional left radical nephrectomy, ipsilateral adrenalectomy, excision of remnant left cord and para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy. He received chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Currently, after twelve months of follow-up there is no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The UPS is a heterogeneous group with an exclusion immunohistochemical diagnosis. Its management requires a multidisciplinary approach; the initial surgical treatment is accepted for the paratesticular mass with high section radical orchiectomy. Although there is insufficient evidence of the efficacy of adjunctive lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Comparación entre las biopsias gástricas con fijación inmediata y diferida para la detección de Helicobacter pylori / A comparison of immediate and delayed fixation of gastric biopsies for the detection of Helicobacter pylori

Objetivo. Comparar las técnicas de fijación inmediata y diferida en la detección de Helicobacter pylori (Hp) en biopsias de mucosa gástrica. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente las biopsias de mucosa gástrica de 86 pacientes que acudieron al servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Belén de Trujillo entre noviembre del 2013 y junio del 2014. A cada paciente se le extrajeron 4 fragmentos de mucosa gástrica: 2 fueron fijados con formol al 10% inmediatamente y los otros 2 fueron fijados después de 24 h (fijación diferida). Ambas muestras, fueron procesadas con la técnica convencional de inclusión en parafina, coloración con hematoxilina-eosina (H&E), y como patrón de oro Warthin-Starry. Resultados. Se encontró que la presencia de Hp en las biopsias coloreadas con H&E fue mayor en las biopsias con fijación diferida (96,5%; kappa: 1,0) que en las biopsias con fijación inmediata (80,2%; kappa: 0,839); sin embargo, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p > 0,05). Con respecto al valor diagnóstico, la técnica de fijación diferida presentó una sensibilidad del 100%, una especificidad del 100%, un valor predictivo positivo del 100% y un valor predictivo negativo del 100%, mientras que la técnica de fijación inmediata para la detección del Hp en biopsias gástricas presentó una sensibilidad del 100%, una especificidad del 76,5%, un valor predictivo positivo del 94,5% y un valor predictivo negativo del 100%. Conclusiones. La técnica de fijación diferida mostró mayor valor que la técnica de fijación inmediata en la detección del Hp en biopsias de mucosa gástrica, aunque la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (AU)

Objective. To compare the techniques of immediate fixation and delayed fixation in detecting Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in gastric mucosal biopsies. Material and methods. We randomly selected gastric mucosal biopsies from 86 patients who attended the gastroenterology division at Belen Hospital (Trujillo) between November 2013 and June 2014. Four fragments of gastric mucosa were extracted from each patient, two were fixed immediately with 10% formaldehyde, and the other two were fixed after 24 hours (delayed fixation). Both samples were processed with the conventional technique of paraffin embedding and staining with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) using Warthin-Starry as the gold standard. The presence of Hp was investigated in both fixation techniques. Results. It was found that the presence of Hp in H&E stained biopsies was greater in biopsies with delayed fixation (96.5%; kappa: 1,0) than in biopsies with immediate fixation (80.2%; kappa: 0,839); nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). With respect to diagnostic value, the delayed fixation technique had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative of 100%; while the immediate fixation technique for detection of Hp in gastric biopsies had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 76.5%, a positive predictive value of 94.5% and a negative of 100%. Conclusions. Delayed fixation technique showed higher values in the detection of Hp than the immediate fixation technique in gastric mucosal biopsies, although the difference was not statistically significant (AU)

Ureterocele urothelial carcinoma: managing a rare presentation.

It is very uncommon for urothelial carcinoma to develop in an ureterocele. It is generally discovered in an imaging study or in connection with haematuria. We found very few reports in the literature. Here, we report on the case of a 71-year-old male who initially presented with haematuria and low back pain and who then underwent transurethral resection for an intraureterocele tumour. Pathology confirmed urothelial carcinoma.

Endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy in penile cancer: case report and literature review.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to submit our first experience in endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (EIL), evaluate the feasibility of the procedure and carry out a review of the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 41-year-old patient was diagnosed with penile cancer with squamous cell carcinoma pT2G1 pathology, with no palpable inguinal lymph nodes. A bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed with preservation of the saphenous vein, conventional left and endoscopic right procedures. The perioperative data is presented and that obtained is discussed in the literature. RESULTS: The total time was 270 minutes, 180 for endoscopic and 90 for conventional procedures. Blood loss was minimal in both cases. Fifteen lymph nodes were dissected on the endoscopic side, and 17 in the conventional side, the latter with more pain and devitalised skin flap. CONCLUSIONS: EIL for penile cancer is feasible and there is less morbidity with an early recovery. The literature is not conclusive on the indication of EIL.