Plasma steroid profiles and ovarian response in llamas treated with eCG for superovulation combined with exogenous progesterone during early luteal phase.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations during eCG-ovarian follicular superstimulatory treatment performed in early luteal phase and estradiol concentrations during peri-ovulatory period on ovarian response, number and embryo quality. On Day -2, females (n = 75) having a follicle ≥7 mm were treated with GnRH to induce ovulation. On Day 0, females that had ovulations (n = 54) were treated with 1000 IU eCG and were assigned to one of two treatments: (1) intravaginal device (ID) containing 0.5 g P4 (P4 group) and (2) no ID (Control group). On Day 5, females were administered PGF2α and the ID was removed. On Day 7 and 8, females were mated and embryo recovery was performed 7 or 8 days later. Blood samples were collected from Day 0 to 9. Number (± SD) of follicles ≥7 mm on day of mating was greater (P =  0.04) in the control (9.7 ± 4.2) than P4-treated (6.7 ±â€¯4.9) group; number of corpora lutea did not differ (5.5 ±â€¯3.1 and 5.2 ±â€¯3.4 respectively). Ovulation rate was greater (P <  0.01) in the P4-group (77.4%; 130/168) than control group (53.3%; 135/253). Number of embryos with an excellent grade (grade 1) tended to be greater (P =  0.07) in the P4-group (82.4%; 42/51) than control group (65.4%; 36/55). It was concluded that supplementation with exogenous P4 during eCG treatment in early luteal phase inhibits excessive follicular growth, increases ovulation rate and improves embryo quality.

Effect of GnRH analogue administration on Day 7 after natural mating on formation accessory corpus luteum, progesterone concentration and conception rate in llamas (Lama glama).

The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of exogenous GnRH administered 7 days after breeding on the formation of an accessory corpus luteum (ACL), plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations and pregnancy rates. Adult females (n = 71) having a follicle ≥ 7 mm in diameter in the ovary were naturally mated (Day 0). On Day 7, ultrasonic examination was performed to confirm the occurrence of ovulation as evidenced by presence of an induced corpus luteum (ICL). Females with an ICL plus a dominant follicle ≥ 7 mm (n = 56) were treated with saline solution (SS, n = 29) or GnRH analogue (n = 27). On Day 14, the formation of an ACL was observed by ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected on Days 7 and 14 to quantify plasma P4 concentrations. On Day 14, 21 of 27 (77.8%) females in the GnRH group developed an ACL, whereas females in the SS group did not. Progesterone concentrations on Day 7 and 14 in those llamas diagnosed as pregnant on Day 30 were not different (P > 0.05) between groups. In addition, P4 concentration was similar for GnRH-treated females having two CL to those with a single CL. Pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.05) between SS and GnRH groups (55.2% compared with 74.1% respectively) and the pregnancy rate for the GnRH group was not affected (P > 0.05) by the number of CL observed at Day 14 (66.6% and 75.6% for females with one and two CL respectively). In conclusion, GnRH administration on Day 7 after breeding leads to ACL formation; however, neither the plasma P4 concentration nor pregnancy rate was affected by having an ACL.