ABSTRACT
En las universidades cubanas más del 65 % de los estudiantes son becarios y se presta especial atención a la gestión de las aguas domésticas generadas en las comunidades y residencias universitarias. Este trabajo presenta la remoción de la materia orgánica en las aguas domésticas de la comunidad universitaria Antonio Maceo de la Universidad de Oriente empleando, a escala de laboratorio, dos sistemas: reactor UASB y laguna anaerobia. Los sistemas anaerobios evaluados, alcanzaron una remoción de la DQO superior al 70 % y una disminución de las bacterias coliformes totales desde 72x10(5) NMP/100 mL hasta 16 NMP/100 mL. La clarificación con alumbre mejora las características estéticas del efluente. Cualquiera de las variantes (UASB o laguna anaerobia) pueden ser aplicadas para la remoción de la materia orgánica en las aguas domésticas de la comunidad universitaria.
At cubans universities over the 65 % of students are grant holders and special attention lends itself to the steps of domestic waters generated in communities and university permanences. This work presents the removal of the organic matter in the university community's domestic waters Antonio Maceo of the Universidad de Oriente utilizing, to scale of laboratory two systems: UASB reactor and anaerobic lagoon. The anaerobic systemsevaluated attained a superior COD removal to the 70 % and decrease of bacteria's total coliformes from 72x105 NMP/100 mL to 16 NMP/100 mL. The clarification with alum improves the esthetic characteristics of the outflow. Anyone of variants (UASB or anaerobic lagoon) can be applied for the removal of the organic matter in the university community's domestic waters.
ABSTRACT
Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico para evaluar el riesgo químico en el laboratorio de análisis del Centro de Estudios de Biotecnología Industrial de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Oriente, con vista a lo cual se identificaron, entre otros aspectos, las características generales del local y de las 20 técnicas establecidas para el análisis de aguas residuales y residuales agroindustriales (11 de estas se aplican 200 veces al año como promedio), frecuencia de los análisis, reactivos químicos empleados y su categoría de peligro (fundamentalmente ácidos minerales, álcalis, solventes orgánicos y oxidantes fuertes), así como se evaluaron los riesgos químico-físicos y las medidas laborales de seguridad, incluido el tratamiento de los residuos antes de ser eliminados. Se observó que los analistas están expuestos a fuentes de calor y vapores de solventes y ácidos a través de la piel y el sistema respiratorio, pero en un trienio solo se produjeron 3 accidentes leves y no hubo certificados médicos por enfermedades ocupacionales en este tipo de instalación(AU)
A clinical trial to evaluate the chemical risk was carried out at the analysis laboratory of the Industrial Biotechnology Studies Center in the Natural Sciences Faculty at Oriente University. For this purpose, aspects such as the general characteristics of the site and of the 20 established techniques for the analysis of waste waters and agroindustrial residual were identified, (11 of these were applied 200 times a year as average), frequency of the analyses, chemical reagents used and their danger category (fundamentally mineral acids, alkalis, organic solvents and strong oxidizers), as well as the chemical-physical risks and the security working measures were evaluated, including the treatment of residuals before being eliminated. It was observed that the analysts are exposed to sources of heat and steam of solvents and acids through the skin and the respiratory system, but just 3 mild accidents took place in a triennium, and there were no medical certifications due to occupational diseases in this type of facility(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Biotechnology , Occupational Risks , Chemical Contamination , Laboratory Chemicals , Laboratory Wastes , Laboratories , Industrial WasteABSTRACT
Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico para evaluar el riesgo químico en el laboratorio de análisis del Centro de Estudios de Biotecnología Industrial de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Oriente, con vista a lo cual se identificaron, entre otros aspectos, las características generales del local y de las 20 técnicas establecidas para el análisis de aguas residuales y residuales agroindustriales (11 de estas se aplican 200 veces al año como promedio), frecuencia de los análisis, reactivos químicos empleados y su categoría de peligro (fundamentalmente ácidos minerales, álcalis, solventes orgánicos y oxidantes fuertes), así como se evaluaron los riesgos químico-físicos y las medidas laborales de seguridad, incluido el tratamiento de los residuos antes de ser eliminados. Se observó que los analistas están expuestos a fuentes de calor y vapores de solventes y ácidos a través de la piel y el sistema respiratorio, pero en un trienio solo se produjeron 3 accidentes leves y no hubo certificados médicos por enfermedades ocupacionales en este tipo de instalación
A clinical trial to evaluate the chemical risk was carried out at the analysis laboratory of the Industrial Biotechnology Studies Center in the Natural Sciences Faculty at Oriente University. For this purpose, aspects such as the general characteristics of the site and of the 20 established techniques for the analysis of waste waters and agroindustrial residual were identified, (11 of these were applied 200 times a year as average), frequency of the analyses, chemical reagents used and their danger category (fundamentally mineral acids, alkalis, organic solvents and strong oxidizers), as well as the chemical-physical risks and the security working measures were evaluated, including the treatment of residuals before being eliminated. It was observed that the analysts are exposed to sources of heat and steam of solvents and acids through the skin and the respiratory system, but just 3 mild accidents took place in a triennium, and there were no medical certifications due to occupational diseases in this type of facility
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Biotechnology , Chemical Contamination , Industrial Waste , Laboratories , Laboratory Chemicals , Laboratory Wastes , Occupational RisksABSTRACT
The study describes the sorption of Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AT18 isolated from a site contaminated with petroleum and heavy metals. The concentrations studied were 50, 49, 60 and 70 (mg L(-1)) for Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively. The solution pH and ionic strength were very important factors in the metal biosorption performance and the biosorption capacity of P. aeruginosa AT18 for Cr3+,Cu2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+. In aqueous solution, the biosorption increased with increasing pH in the range 5.46-7.72. The results obtained in the experimental assays show that P. aeruginosa AT18 has the capacity for biosorption of the metallic ions Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in solutions, although its capacity for the sorption of manganese is low (22.39 mg Mn2+/g of biomass) in comparison to the Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions, as shown by the individual analyses. However, 20% of the manganese was removed from an initial concentration of 49.0 mg L(-1), with a Qm value similar to that obtained in solutions containing mixtures of Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+and Zn2+. The chromium level sorbed by P. aeruginosa AT18 biomass was higher than that for Cu, Mn and Zn, with 100% removal in the pH range 7.00-7.72 and a Qm of 121.90-200.00 mg of Cr3+/g of biomass. The removal of Cr, Cu and Zn is also a result of precipitation processes.