Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Prostate Cancer Using the SENSEI® Drop-In Gamma Probe.

ABSTRACT: Minimally invasive surgery in the form of laparoscopic and robot-assisted procedures has been widely adopted in the field of prostate cancer. When performing minimally invasive radioguided surgery, conventional rigid laparoscopic gamma probes have limited maneuverability and control due to their form factor, which may hinder detection of radiotracer-avid lesions in anatomically challenging areas. A drop-in gamma probe has been developed to address these limitations. Our group report on the first clinical use of this probe (SENSEI®) as part of an ongoing prospective, international, multicenter clinical trial in primary prostate cancer patients undergoing 99mTc-nanocolloid sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Análisis de las recomendaciones en contra del cribado con antígeno prostático específico en cáncer de próstata / Analysis of recommendations against prostate cancer screening with prostate specific antigen

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Repeated spurious elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen values solved by chemiluminescence analysis: A possible interference by heterophilic antibodies.

Heterophilic antibodies are human immunoglobulins directed against various animal antigens. They can produce false-positive results in the analysis of different tumor markers, including prostate-specific antigen. This interference can lead to misdiagnosis, unnecessary tests, and overtreatment in some cases. We present herein the case of a 52-year-old man with repeated spurious elevation of prostate-specific antigen, reaching levels of 108.7 ng/mL, that were suspected to be caused by heterophilic antibodies. The interference was solved by changing the analysis technique. Real values of prostate-specific antigen were less than 1 ng/mL.

Doble sistema pielocalicial completo bilateral / Complete bilateral pelvicalyceal system duplication

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[Urological outcome of patients with sacral agenesis: 20 years follow-up]. / Evolución urológica de pacientes con agenesia de sacro: 20 años de seguimiento.

OBJECTIVES: Complete or partial sacral agenesis is a rare malformation consisting in the absence of one or more sacral vertebrae. It is part of a caudal regression syndrome and it may be associated with other congenital anomalies (Currarino Syndrome). It does not have an established etiology but is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the mother (1%). The objective of this is study was to retrospectively analyze the urological outcome of patients with sacral agenesis in our case series. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 14 patients between 1975 and 2005. We evaluated reason for consultation, urological status, continence outcome, urological complications, hospital admissions and number of office visits. RESULTS: No patient had history of diabetic mother The number of male/female patients were similar. Mean age at first visit was 13.2 years and main reason for consultation was urinary incontinence. 60% of the patients presented associated myelomeningocele. 70% had a normal upper urinary tract at the beginning of follow-up; 10 patients presented some degree of incontinence (70%). Mean follow-up was 19.7 years (7-30): 50% of the patients keep a normal upper urinary tract. All of them have presented symptomatic urinary tract infection. The main urological reason for hospital admission was programmed surgery (7). The mean number of visits per year was 1.9. CONCLUSIONS: Sacral agenesis is a rare congenital malformation requiring an early diagnosis to avoid mid-term urological complications. These patients need life-long urological follow-up. The mean reason for consultation is urinary incontinence secondary to neurogenic bladder which may be satisfactorily treated in most cases.

Evolución urológica de pacientes con agenesia de sacro: 20 años de seguimiento / Urological outcome of patients with sacral agenesis: 20 years follow-up

OBJETIVO: La agenesia sacra total ó parcial es una malformación infrecuente que consiste en la ausencia de una ó más vértebras sacras. Forma parte del síndrome de regresión caudal y se puede asociar a otras anomalías congénitas (síndrome de Currarino). No tiene una etiología establecida pero se asocia a madres diabéticas insulinodependientes (1%). El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar retrospectivamente la evolución urológica de los pacientes con agenesia sacra de nuestra serie. MÉTODOS: Análisis retrospectivo de 14 pacientes entre 1975 y 2005. Se valoró el motivo de consulta, situación urológica y neurológica de entrada, tiempo de seguimiento, evolución de la continencia, complicaciones urológicas, ingresos hospitalarios y número de visitas ambulatorias. RESULTADOS: Ningún paciente tenía antecedentes de madre diabética. La distribución por sexos fue similar. Todos los casos fueron de agenesia total. La edad media en la primera visita fue de 13,2 años y el principal motivo de consulta fue la incontinencia urinaria. El 60% de pacientes presentaban mielomeningocele asociado. El 70% tenían el tracto urinario superior normal al inicio del seguimiento; 10 pacientes presentaban algún grado de incontinencia (70%). El tiempo medio de seguimiento ha sido de 19,7 años (7-30): el 50% de los pacientes mantienen el tracto urinario superior normal. El 65% de los pacientes se mantienen continentes. Todos han presentado infección urinaria sintomática. El motivo urológico principal de ingreso hospitalario ha sido la cirugía programada (7). El número medio de visitas anuales por paciente ha sido de 1,9. CONCLUSIONES: La agenesia de sacro es una malformación congénita infrecuente que requiere un diagnóstico precoz para evitar complicaciones urológicas a medio plazo. Estos pacientes son subsidiarios de un control urológico de por vida. El principal motivo de consulta es la incontinencia urinaria por vejiga neurógena que puede ser tratada satisfactoriamente en la mayoría de los casos

OBJECTIVES: Complete or partial sacral agenesis is a rare malformation consisting in the absence of one or more sacral vertebrae. It is part of a caudal regression syndrome and it may be associated with other congenital anomalies (Currarino Syndrome). It does not have an established etiology but is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the mother (1%). The objective of this is study was to retrospectively analyze the urological outcome of patients with sacral agenesis in our case series. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 14 patients between 1975 and 2005. We evaluated reason for consultation, urological status, continence outcome, urological complications, hospital admissions and number of office visits. RESULTS: No patient had history of diabetic mother. The number of male/female patients were similar. Mean age at first visit was 13.2 years and main reason for consultation was urinary incontinence. 60% of the patients presented associated myelomeningocele. 70% had a normal upper urinary tract at the beginning of follow-up; 10 patients presented some degree of incontinence (70%). Mean follow-up was 19.7 years (7-30): 50% of the patients keep a normal upper urinary tract. All of them have presented symptomatic urinary tract infection. The main urological reason for hospital admission was programmed surgery (7). The mean number of visits per year was 1.9. CONCLUSIONS: Sacral agenesis is a rare congenital malformation requiring an early diagnosis to avoid mid-term urological complications. These patients need life-long urological follow-up. The mean reason for consultation is urinary incontinence secondary to neurogenic bladder which may be satisfactorily treated in most cases

Embolización arterial para el tratamiento del traumatismo del riñón en herradura / Arterial embolization in the treatment of renal trauma of a horseshoe kidney

OBJETIVO: Comunicar un caso de traumatismoen un riñón en herradura que se resolvió de forma conservadora mediante embolizaciónsupra-selectiva.MÉTODOS: Varón de 19 años que consulta a urgencias por macrohematuria junto con dolor abdominal severo despuésde accidente de tráfico. RESULTADOS: La tomografía computerizada con contraste (TC) evidenció un riñón en herradura con una fractura en la zona de unión entre el polo inferior del riñón izquierdo y el istmo, mostrando hemorragia activa y extenso hematomaretroperitoneal con ocupación pélvica. Los cortes retardados mostraron extravasación de contraste compatiblecon un importante urinoma. Se realizó una arteriografía que mostró un doble pedículo para cada riñón y un tronco lumbo-renal distal común que daba ramas accesorias a los polos inferiores de ambos riñones y al istmo, con extravasaciónde contraste compatible con sangrado activo. Se cateterizó selectivamente el tronco lumbo-renal, accediendoa la rama del riñón izquierdo e istmo permitiendo su embolización. Se cateterizó la vía urinaria retrógradamentecon un catéter ureteral recto para facilitar el drenaje del urinoma. Posteriormente, y con buena evolución junto TC de control que mostró ausencia de signos de hemorragiacon completa resolución del urinoma, se retiró el tutor ureteral. A los 3 meses de la embolización, el TC de controldemostró una completa resolución del hematoma. No presentó complicaciones tardías, manteniendo una función renal y una presión arterial completamente normales a los 12 meses de seguimiento.CONCLUSIONES: El riñón en herradura es una malformacióninfrecuente. Este caso clínico es un ejemplo que demuestra que el tratamiento conservador sigue siendo el gold standard en el traumatismo renal, incluso en riñones con anomalías congénitas

OBJECTIVES: To report one case of renal trauma in a patient with horseshoe kidney treated conservatively ;;by superselective embolization. ;;METHODS: We report the case of a 19 year old male presenting at the emergency room with macroscopic ;;hematuria and severe abdominal pain after a motor vehicular accident. ;;RESULTS: IV contrast CT scan showed a horseshoe kidney with a fracture in the area between the lower pole of the left kidney and the isthmus, with active bleeding and a big retroperitoneal hematoma extended to pelvis. ;;Retarded exams showed contrast extravasation compatible with significant urinoma. Renal arteriography was performed, showing a double renal pedicle on each kidney and a common caudal lumbar-renal trunk giving accessory branches to both kidneys’ lower poles and contrast extravasation ;;compatible with active bleeding. The lumbar-renal trunk was selectively catheterized reaching the left kidney and isthmus branches which were embolized. ;;Retrograde catheterization of the urinary tract with a straight ureteral catheter was performed to facilitate drainage of the urinoma. This catheter was subsequently removed after control CT scan showing complete resolution of the urinoma and no bleeding. ;;Control CT scan three months after embolization demonstrated complete resolution of the hematoma. No late complications appeared. Renal function and blood pressure have been completely normal after 12 months of follow-up. ;;CONCLUSIONS: Horseshoe kidney is a rare congenital malformation. This clinical case demonstrates that conservative treatment is a still the gold standard treatment for renal trauma, even in kidneys with congenital anomalies

[Arterial embolization in the treatment of renal trauma of a horseshoe kidney]. / Embolizacion arterial para el tratamiento del traumatismo del riñon en herradura.

OBJECTIVES: To report one case of renal trauma in a patient with horseshoe kidney treated conservatively by superselective embolization. METHODS: We report the case of a 19 year old male presenting at the emergency room with macroscopic hematuria and severe abdominal pain after a motor vehicular accident. RESULTS: IV contrast CT scan showed a horseshoe kidney with a fracture in the area between the lower pole of the left kidney and the isthmus, with active bleeding and a big retroperitoneal hematoma extended to pelvis. Retarded exams showed contrast extravasation compatible with significant urinoma. Renal arteriography was performed, showing a double renal pedicle on each kidney and a common caudal lumbar-renal trunk giving accessory branches to both kidneys' lower poles and contrast extravasation compatible with active bleeding. The lumbar-renal trunk was selectively catheterized reaching the left kidney and isthmus branches which were embolized. Retrograde catheterization of the urinary tract with a straight ureteral catheter was performed to facilitate drainage of the urinoma. This catheter was subsequently removed after control CT scan showing complete resolution of the urinoma and no bleeding. Control CT scan three months after embolization demonstrated complete resolution of the hematoma. No late complications appeared. Renal function and blood pressure have been completely normal after 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Horseshoe kidney is a rare congenital malformation. This clinical case demonstrates that conservative treatment is a still the gold standard treatment for renal trauma, even in kidneys with congenital anomalies.