Sarcoma de Ewing/Pnet primário pré-sacral: relato de caso / Ewing Sarcoma/Pnet pre-sacral: case report

O sarcoma de Ewing é um tipo de tumor ósseo, de comportamento agressivo, que acomete principalmente indivíduos abaixo dos 30 anos e com predomínio no sexo masculino. A família de tumores de Ewing compreende um espectro de neoplasias de células neuroectodérmicas primitivas as quais são células embrionárias que migram da crista neural. Neste relato apresenta-se paciente do sexo masculino, 19 anos, admitido na emergência com quadro de lombalgia, fraqueza de membros inferiores, dificuldade de urinar e fratura de fêmur direito há um ano. Solicitada ressonância magnética da pelve e coluna lombosacra que evidenciaram lesão expansiva pré-sacral e lesões extramedulares e intradurais. Paciente submetido a exame anatomopatológico que evidenciou sarcoma de Ewing/Tumor Neuroectodérmico Primitivo. Realizado tratamento cirúrgico para descompressão medular e posterior radioterapia e quimioterapia...

Ewing’s sarcoma is a type of bone tumor that has aggressive behavior, which mainly affects individuals below 30 years and predominantly in males. The family of tumors includes Ewing a spectrum of neuroectodermal of primitive cells tumors which are embryonic cells migrating from the neural crest. In this report we present a male patient, 19 years, admitted to the emergency room with back pain, weakness of the lower limbs, difficulty urinating and right femur fracture a year ago. Requested magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis and lumbosacral spine showed a presacral mass lesion and extramedullary and intradurallesions. Patient has been subjected to the pathological examination that showed Ewing’s sarcoma / primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Surgery for spinal decompression and subsequent radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been conducted...

Administration of α-Galactosylceramide Improves Adenine-Induced Renal Injury.

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that reacts to glycolipids presented by CD1d. Invariant NKT cells (iNKT) correspond to >90% of the total population of NKTs and reacts to α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer). αGalCer promotes a complex mixture of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4. NKT cells and IFN-γ are known to participate in some models of renal diseases, but further studies are still necessary to elucidate their mechanisms. The aim of our study was to analyze the participation of iNKT cells in an experimental model of tubule-interstitial nephritis. We used 8-wk-old C57BL/6j, Jα18KO and IFN-γKO mice. They were fed a 0.25% adenine diet for 10 d. Both adenine-fed wild-type (WT) and Jα18KO mice exhibited renal dysfunction, but adenine-fed Jα18KO mice presented higher expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and type I collagen. To analyze the role of activated iNKT cells in our model, we administered αGalCer in WT mice during adenine ingestion. After αGalCer injection, we observed a significant reduction in serum creatinine, proinflammatory cytokines and renal fibrosis. However, this improvement in renal function was not observed in IFN-γKO mice after αGalCer treatment and adenine feeding, illustrating that this cytokine plays a role in our model. Our findings may suggest that IFN-γ production is one of the factors contributing to improved renal function after αGalCer administration.

Exercise training improves cardiovascular autonomic activity and attenuates renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Experiments were performed to determine the influence of exercise training by swimming on cardiovascular autonomic control and renal morphology in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wystar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Sedentary normotensive (SN), trained normotensive (TN), sedentary hypertensive (SH), and trained hypertensive (TH) rats were included in this study. Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), means of power spectral analysis of HR (HRV) and systolic AP variability (SAPV) were recorded in baseline conditions. Following, the HR baroreflex and autonomic tonus control were assessed. At the end, all animals were euthanized and their kidneys were excised to evaluate renal damage. Resting bradycardia was observed in TH and TN rats compared with their respective sedentary animals (p < 0.05). Exercise training attenuated AP in TH vs. SH (p < 0.001). The LF component of HRV and SAPV were lower in TH than SH (p < 0.05). The LF/HF relation was lower in TH than SH and SN (p < 0.05). TN and TH rats showed a sympathetic tonus reduction in comparison to SN and SH rats (p < 0.001). The TH presented an increased vagal tonus compared to SH (p < 0.05). Exercise training improved baroreflex control of HR in TH group versus SH (p < 0.05). The TH showed a lower number of sclerotic glomeruli compared to SH (p < 0.005). The exercise training decrease the glomerular indexes in TN and TH (p < 0.05). Further analysis showed a significant correlation between sympathetic nervous activity and AP levels (p < 0.05). A positive association was also found between sympathetic nervous activity and glomerular index (p < 0.05). Therefore, the exercise training reduces AP and attenuates renal damage. In addition, the attenuation of renal injury was associated with lower sympathetic activity. These findings strongly suggest that exercise training may be a therapeutic tool for improving structure and renal function in hypertensive individuals. Key pointsEndurance training.Decrease of the sympathetic activity.Attenuation of renal injury.Decrease of blood pressure in SHR.