Bond strength and microleakage of different types of cements in stainless steel crown of primary molar teeth.

BACKGROUND: The margin of crown is a significant area for plaque accumulations. Therefore, the ability of the cement to seal the margin is very important. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bond (retentive) strength, microleakage, and failure mode of four different types of cements in stainless steel crown (SSC) of primary molar teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, eighty extracted primary molar teeth were divided into two groups of forty teeth to test the microleakage and bond strength. The crowns were cemented according to the manufacturer guidelines with four cement types including self-cure glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, polycarboxylate, and resin cements. Stereomicroscope and universal testing machine were used to measure the microleakage and bond strength, respectively. For calculating the surface area of crowns, three-dimensional scanning was used. Furthermore, the failure mode was examined after the bond strength test. The cements surfaces and the tooth-cement interfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained values were analyzed using SPSS-23 software through Shapiro-Wilk and one-way analysis of variance tests. Means, standard deviations, medians, and interquartile ranges were calculated. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in all analyses. RESULTS: Significant differences between microleakage (P = 0.001) and failure mode (P = 0.041) of the four types of cements were obtained. However, the mean bond strengths of the four groups did not differ significantly (P = 0.124). The obtained SEM images confirmed the results of bond strength and microleakage. CONCLUSION: Resin cement and resin-modified glass ionomer, respectively, showed superior properties and are recommended for use in SSCs of primary molar teeth.

SP-A and TLR4 localization in lung tissue of SM-exposed patients.

INTRODUCTION: Long-term pulmonary complications are one of the major long-term consequences of sulfur mustard (SM) exposure. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) involves in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary disorders. Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) regulates LPS-induced TLR4 localization and activation responses. However, the intensity and significance of TLR4 and SP-A expression by lung cells in SM-exposed patients is not clear. METHODS: The gene expression of TLR4 (through real-time PCR) and TLR4 and SP-A positive cells and alveolar type II cells, as SP-A producers, (using IHC) were assessed in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens from SM-exposed (n = 17), and non-SM exposed individuals (n = 12). RESULTS: TLR4 gene expression did not change between study groups. However, its cell surface presentation was significantly reduced in SM-exposed patients and particularly in which with constrictive bronchiolitis compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Frequency of alveolar type II cells was lower in the case group rather than the control group while the number of SP-A positive cells did not alter. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that reduced TLR4 cell surface presentation may have anti-inflammatory function and SP-A may have a critical role in regulation of inflammatory responses in SM-exposed patients. Further investigation on other possible mechanisms involved in TLR4 internalization maybe help to illustrate the modulatory or inflammatory activity of TLR4 in these patients.

Can gray values derived from CT and cone beam CT estimate new bone formation? An in vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to investigate whether Hounsfield unit derived from computed tomography (HU/CT) and gray value derived from cone beam computed tomography (GV/CBCT) can predict the amount of new bone formation (NBF) in the defects after bone reconstruction surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty calvaria defects created in 5 rabbits and grafted with both radiolucent (RL, n = 15) and radiopaque (RO, n = 15) bone substitute materials were evaluated, 8 weeks postoperatively. The defects were scanned by multislice computed tomography (Somatom®, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) and CBCT (NewTom VG®, Qualitative Radiology, Verona, Italy). MSCT and CBCT scans were matched to select the exact region of interest (ROI, diameter = 5 mm and height = 1 mm). HU/CT and GV/CBCT of each ROI were obtained. Mean amount of NBF in whole of the defects was measured using serial histomorphometric assessment. We investigated the correlation between HU/CT and GV/CBCT, HU/CT and NBF, and GV/CBCT and NBF generally, and separately among the RL or RO grafted defects, by linear generalized estimating equation modeling. Receiver operation characteristic analysis was performed to check the accuracy of HU/CT and GV/CBCT in diagnosing more than 10% NBF in the samples. RESULTS: There were linear correlations between HU/CT and GV/CBCT, HU/CT and NBF, and GV/CBCT and NBF. CONCLUSION: According to the results, both HU/CT and GV/CBCT can be considered as fairly good predictors for assessment of the amount of NBF following bone reconstruction surgeries.

Effects of Photobiomodulation and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Articular Cartilage Defects in a Rabbit Model.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of cultured autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with scaffold and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the repair of articular cartilage defects in rabbits. BACKGROUND DATA: For healing of the articular cartilage defects, although positive effects of BMSCs and LLLT have been demonstrated, their combination effect is still unknown; therefore, we investigated combining these two techniques has a synergistic effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After bone marrow aspiration from 10 rabbits, BMSCs were isolated, cultured in monolayer, suspended on a type I collagen scaffold and then implanted onto a full-thickness osteochondral defect (4 mm in diameter), artificially made on the patellar groove of both knees in the same rabbits. Then a knee was selected randomly in each rabbit as the experimental group, and subjected to Ga-Al-As (810 nm) laser irradiation with energy density of 4 J/cm2 every other day for 3 weeks. As the control group, the other knee did not receive LLLT. After this period, animals were euthanized and osteochondral defects were evaluated by histomorphometric methods. RESULTS: No significant difference in new cartilage formation and inflammation was found between the groups (p > 0.05). However, there was significantly more new bone formation in the experimental group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In terms of our research, although better healing in osteochondral defects was seen when combining BMSCs and LLLT compared with the use of BMSCs alone, this improvement was predominantly caused by new bone formation rather than new cartilage formation.

Biological Evaluation (In Vitro and In Vivo) of Bilayered Collagenous Coated (Nano Electrospun and Solid Wall) Chitosan Membrane for Periodontal Guided Bone Regeneration.

The application of barrier membranes in guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a commonly used surgical technique in periodontal research. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on two different collagenous coatings (nano electrospun fibrous vs. solid wall) of bilayered collagen/chitosan membrane and their histological evaluation on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects. It was found that chitosan-nano electrospun collagen (CNC) membranes had higher proliferation/metabolic activity compared to the chitosan-collagen (CC) and pristine chitosan membranes. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated the CNC membranes induced significant expression of osteogenic genes (Osteocalcin, RUNX2 and Col-α1) in MSCs. Moreover, higher calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity of MSCs were observed compared to the other groups. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluations were performed on the uncovered (negative control) as well as covered calvarial defects of ten adult white rabbits with different membranes (CNC, CC, BioGide (BG, positive control)) at 1 and 2 months after surgery. More bone formation was detected in the defects covered with CNC and BG membranes than those covered by CC and the negative control. No inflammation and residual biomaterial particles were observed on the membrane surface or in the surrounding tissues in the surgical areas. These results suggest that bilayer CNC membrane can have the potential for use as a GBR membrane material facilitating bone formation.

Evaluating the bone regeneration in calvarial defect using osteoblasts differentiated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on three different scaffolds: an animal study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different scaffolds on the viability and differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) to osteoblast for bone regeneration of calvarial defect in rabbit model. Adipose was harvested from the nape of 12 rabbits by direct surgery or hollow-tip cannula. Two standardized circular calvarial defects (case and control), 8 mm in diameter each, were created in all the animals. The animals were divided into 3 different groups. In group 1 (G1), the defect was filled with polyamide + ADMSC. In group 2, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid + ADMSC was used. In group 3, decellularized amniotic membrane + ADMSC was applied. In the control defect, the non-seeded scaffolds were applied for filling the defect. Decellularized pericardial scaffolds were used as a membrane on the scaffolds. The animals were euthanized 2, 4, and 8 weeks of operation and new bone formation was assessed by different analyses. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with osteopontin and osteocalcin antibodies was also performed. After 2 weeks of wound healing, minimal bone regeneration was detected in all groups. Almost complete defect closure was observed in all experimental groups after 8 weeks of operation, with the greatest defect closure in the animals treated with polyamide scaffolds as compared to biopsies obtained from control defects and other experimental groups. The maximal tensile load was higher in G1, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, suggesting the usefulness of polyamide + ADMSC for bone regeneration in calvarial defects. Results of the IHC staining demonstrated a significant difference between seeded and non-seeded scaffold in both short- and long-term follow-ups (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant difference was observed in enhancement of IHC staining of both markers in polyamide group (seeded or non-seeded) 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively in comparison with other scaffolds. It was concluded that bone regeneration in critical calvarial defect was more successful in seeded polyamide.

Epithelial Dysplasia in Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma Arising from Recurrent Ameloblastic Fibroma in a 26-Year-Old Iranian Man.

BACKGROUND Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor with a mesenchymal component, showing sarcomatous features and epithelial nests resembling ameloblastic fibroma (AF). CASE REPORT We report a case of AFS showing epithelial dysplasia arising in a recurrent AF in the left mandible after 3 years in a 26-year-old man, which is regarded as an uncommon histopathologic finding in AFS. We also emphasize the comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic evaluation, and immunohistochemical staining of this patient. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that it is important to consider malignancy alternations in the epithelial component of AFS, along with that of the mesenchymal component, to provide a proper diagnosis and treatment of recurrent AF.

Detection of proximal caries using digital radiographic systems with different resolutions.

BACKGROUND: Dental radiography is an important tool for detection of caries and digital radiography is the latest advancement in this regard. Spatial resolution is a characteristic of digital receptors used for describing the quality of images. AIM: This study was aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two digital radiographic systems with three different resolutions for detection of noncavitated proximal caries. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Diagnostic accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy premolar teeth were mounted in 14 gypsum blocks. Digora; Optime and RVG Access were used for obtaining digital radiographs. Six observers evaluated the proximal surfaces in radiographs for each resolution in order to determine the depth of caries based on a 4-point scale. The teeth were then histologically sectioned, and the results of histologic analysis were considered as the gold standard. Data were entered using SPSS version 18 software and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for data analysis. P <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between different resolutions for detection of proximal caries (P > 0.05). RVG access system had the highest specificity (87.7%) and Digora; Optime at high resolution had the lowest specificity (84.2%). Furthermore, Digora; Optime had higher sensitivity for detection of caries exceeding outer half of enamel. Judgment of oral radiologists for detection of the depth of caries had higher reliability than that of restorative dentistry specialists. CONCLUSION: The three resolutions of Digora; Optime and RVG access had similar accuracy in detection of noncavitated proximal caries.

Comparing efficiency and root surface morphology after scaling with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the root morphology of teeth and efficiency of scaling after using Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Thirty-two periodontally hopeless teeth were extracted. The border of an appropriate calculus was marked using a diamond bur on each tooth, and the calculus was divided into two almost equal parts. An Er,Cr:YSGG laser with pulse energy of 50 mJ, power of 1 W, and energy density of 17.7 J/cm2 and an Er:YAG laser with pulse energy of 200 mJ, power of 2.4 W, and energy density of 21 J/cm2 were used to remove the calculus. The time for scaling was recorded for each group, and using stereomicroscopic analysis, the calculus remnant, carbonization, and number of craters were investigated. The mean time required for calculus removal in the Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG laser groups was 15.22 ± 6.18 seconds and 7.12 ± 4.11 seconds, respectively. The efficiency of calculus removal in the Er:YAG laser group was significantly higher than in the Er,Cr:YSGG laser group. Under stereomicroscope examination, no carbonization or remaining calculus was found in samples from either group, but all samples had craters. The number of craters in the Er,Cr:YSGG laser group was significantly higher than in the Er:YAG laser group. According to the parameters used and limitations of this study, there was no significant difference in efficiency per power for calculus removal between the two groups.

The effect of PCL-TCP scaffold loaded with mesenchymal stem cells on vertical bone augmentation in dog mandible: a preliminary report.

Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP), a new composite scaffold, has been shown to facilitate early revascularization and speed up bone regeneration process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of PCL-TCP seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on healing of the vertical bone critical sized defect in dog's mandible. Bone marrow aspirate from dog humerous was cultured and the stemness of the cells was examined by differentiation staining methods and flow cytometric analysis. Third passage subculture cells (5 × 105 cells) were loaded on 20 × 10 × 10 mm³ and incubated for 48 h. The presence of MSCs in the pores was evaluated by scanning electron microscope. Bilateral mandibular premolar teeth were extracted in four dogs and the buccal and lingual bone plates were reduced to make a vertical defect. Cell-loaded scaffolds were fixed in right side and left side received pure PCL-TCP scaffolds as a control side defects. Histomorphometric analysis after 8 weeks of the scaffold implantation showed higher amount of lamellar bone in the test side (48.63%) than control side (17.27%) (p < 0.05).The results suggest that PCL-TCP may be an appropriate scaffold for loading MSCs in bone regeneration.

Healing of extraction sockets and augmented alveolar defects following 1-year treatment with bisphosphonate.

To assess the effect of bisphosphonates on healing of extraction sockets and augmented alveolar defects, 12 adult female mongrel dogs were assigned to 2 experimental groups and a control group. The experimental groups received oral alendronate (ALN, 3.5 mg/kg/wk) or IV pamidronate (PAM, 1 mg/kg/wk) for 12 months. Animals were randomly tested for serum C-terminal telopeptide of collagen I (CTx). The right first and second premolars were extracted. After 8 weeks, extraction sites were evaluated for healing. Subsequently, 3-wall defects were created in ridges and filled with human mineralized cortical particulate bone. Two months post-augmentation, animals were sacrificed and mandibles were collected for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and histomorphometric appraisal. The obtained data were compared using 1-way ANOVA test. CTx test results in both experimental groups were comparable (<10 pg/mL) but lower than that of the control group (minimum 159.2 pg/mL). Two months post-extraction, bone sequestra were noticed in extraction sites in BP-treated groups, involving the entire alveolar bone in the PAM group and the upper rim of the alveoli in the ALN group. Histologically, bone sequestra from the PAM group demonstrated empty osteocyte lacunae, while in the ALN group areas of necrotic bone along with evidence of active bone remodeling was distinguished. Eight weeks post-augmentation, the experimental groups showed no evidence of bone formation in the augmented area, while bone formation ratio was measured to be 18.32% in the control group. The mean amount of pixel intensity calculated from the CBCT images of the ALN, PAM, and control group was 113.69 ± 11.04, 124.94 ± 4.72, and 113.69 ± 6.63, respectively. Pixel intensity in PAM-treated group was significantly higher than both other groups. This study demonstrated that 1-year treatment with ALN/PAM was associated with impairment of post-extraction and post-augmentation bone healing in dogs.

Effect of the combination of enamel matrix derivatives and deproteinized bovine bone materials on bone formation in rabbits' calvarial defects.

BACKGROUND: Various types of materials are used in bone regeneration procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of the enamel matrix derivative (EMD), deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss), and a combination of Bio-Oss plus EMD in the treatment of bone defects created in the rabbits' calvaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were included in this experimental randomized single blind study. Four equal cranial bone defects (3 × 6 × 0.5 mm(3)) were created in frontal and parietal bone and randomly grafted with Bio-Oss (Group 1), EMD (Group 2), EMD + Bio-Oss (Group 3) and one of them was left unfilled to serve as a control group (Group 4). After 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks the defects were evaluated by using histological and histomorphometric analysis. Data were analyzed by the Bonferroni test using SPSS 13 statistical software. P value <0.05 considered as statistically significant level. RESULTS: Bone formation in the EMD + Bio-Oss group after 2 weeks was diminished when statistically compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Bone augmentation after 4 weeks from the lowest to the highest were found in groups 1, 3, 2, and 4, respectively, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Using EMD with Bio-Oss increased bone formation in the non-critical defects in the rabbit calvaria during 8 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Boosting of EMD plus Bio-Oss seems to have synergic effect on bone regeneration in bone defects.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta associated with osteogenesis imperfecta.

This paper presents a case with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Systemic and dental manifestations of OI and its medical and dental treatments are discussed in this paper. A 5-year-old child with the diagnosis of OI was referred to the Dental School of Shaid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. On clinical examination yellow/brown discoloration of primary teeth with the attrition of the exposed dentin and class III malocclusion was observed. Enamel of first permanent molars was hypoplastic. Radiographic examinations confirmed the diagnosis of DI. A histological study was performed on one of the exfoliating teeth, which showed abnormal dentin. Primary teeth with DI were more severely affected compared to permanent teeth; enamel disintegration occurred in teeth with DI, demonstrating the need for restricts recalls for these patients.

Evaluation of dental socket healing after using of porous titanium granules: Histologic and histomorphometric assessment in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Different methods have been suggested to preserve bone architecture following traumatic events such as teeth extraction. The purpose of the study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the dental socket healing after applying porous titanium granules (PTG) in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four healthy male dogs were involved in the present 6-weeks experimental animal study. Three sockets were surgically created in each side of dog's mandible. One of the sockets in one side was randomly filled by PTG and covered by a resorbable membrane (Tigran + membrane group). Another socket was left unfilled and just covered by the same membrane (membrane group) and the last one was left unfilled and uncovered as the control group. The dogs were killed at two time intervals (2 weeks and 6 weeks, two dogs at each time point). All samples were histologically evaluated under an optical microscope for a new bone formation. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 16 and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare data in different groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the Tigran + membrane and the control group in 2 and 6 weeks in the mean amount of total regenerated bone (P < 0.05). The mean amounts of woven, lamellar, and total regenerated bone showed significant differences between 2 weeks and 6 weeks for all three groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It can be assumed that the use of Tigran bone substitute with membrane can promote the bone regeneration in bone defects.

Remoção de pasta de hidróxido de cálcio intracanal com dois sistemas rotativos: RaCe e Mtwo

Introdução: o objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a eficácia de dois sistemas rotativos na remoção de hidróxido de cálcio das paredes do canal radicular. Métodos: um total de 44 canais radiculares distovestibulares de molares maxilares humanos com curvaturas entre 15 e 25° foi dividido aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 20 canais cada e dois grupos controle. Os corpos de provado Grupo A foram instrumentados com sistema rotativo RaCe e os do Grupo B com sistema rotativo Mtwo até#35 (4%). Os canais foram lavados com 5ml de NaOCla 2,5% entre cada instrumento e uma lima K #10 foi utilizada na desobstrução (patência) durante a limagem. A pasta de hidróxido de cálcio foi aplicada nos canais e,após a incubação, foi removida dos canais com o Master Apical Rotary (MAR) e NaOCl em todos os grupos.As raízes foram divididas longitudinalmente e os remanescentes foram avaliados em estereomicroscópio em três níveis distintos, usando um sistema de pontuação.Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com o teste ANOVA. Resultados: não foi encontrada diferença significativa em nenhum dos grupos com nenhum dos dois sistemas — RaCe e Mtwo (p>0,05). A soma dos escores aceitáveis foi de 53,6% para o RaCe e 51,3% para o Mtwo. Conclusão: todos os canais apresentaram remanescentes de hidróxido de cálcio. Embora não tenha havido nenhuma diferença significativa entre os grupos,o sistema Mtwo deixou uma impressão clínica de limpeza ligeiramente melhor em termos de remoção do hidróxido de cálcio.

Ossifying fibroma of the ethmoid sinus: Report of a rare case and review of literature.

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion which was first described by Menzel in 1872. It is commonly seen in the head and neck regions and represents an aggressive pattern when the midface and paranasal sinuses are involved. We report a 36 years old white woman with OF in the right ethmoid sinus. Computed Tomography (CT) scan images showed a hyperdense mass. Transnasal endoscopic resection was performed and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of OF. The present case is notable because involvement of the ethmoid sinus is rare in this condition with only 48 cases reported in the literature until June 2011.

A clinical and histologic evaluation of gingival fibroblasts seeding on a chitosan-based scaffold and its effect on the width of keratinized gingiva in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Finding biocompatible matrix materials capable of enhancing the procedures of gingival augmentation is a major concern in periodontal research. This has prompted the investigation of a safe grafting technique by means of synthetic or natural polymers. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of a gingival fibroblast cultured on a naturally derived (i.e., chitosan-based) scaffold on the width of keratinized gingiva in dogs. METHODS: Gingival fibroblasts were cultured from a small portion of hard palates of five dogs. A bilayered chitosan scaffold was seeded with the gingival fibroblasts and transferred to dogs. Surgery was performed bilaterally, and the regions were randomly divided into two groups: chitosan only (control site) and chitosan + fibroblast (test site). Periodontal parameters, including probing depth and width of keratinized and attached gingiva, were measured at baseline and 3 months after surgery. A histologic evaluation was also performed on the healed grafted sites. RESULTS: Comparison of width of keratinized and attached gingiva in control and test sites showed that the mean width of keratinized and attached gingiva increased in each group after surgery. However, the difference between control and test groups was not statistically significant. Concerning the existence of the keratinized epithelium, exocytosis, and epithelium thickness, no significant difference was observed in test and control sites. The difference was significant in relation to rete ridge formation. CONCLUSION: The tissue-engineered graft consisting of chitosan + fibroblast was applied to gingival augmentation procedures and generated keratinized tissue without any complications usually associated with donor-site surgery.

Massive craniofacial intraosseous vascular malformation resembling cystic angiomatosis: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

Cystic angiomatosis of bone is a rare condition of multifocal angiomas of the skeleton. The condition is believed to be congenital, grows slowly and starts in first decades of life. Two cases of progressive bimaxillary enlargement, presented here with a history of slowly enlargement of facial bones when they were 9 and 6 year old, respectively. Radiographic evaluation of the craniofacial bones revealed aggressive hypertrophy with severe displacement of the teeth. The histopathological evaluation of the gross specimen showed vital bone containing capillary and cavernous spaces with endothelial lining. Aggressive cystic angiomatosis of the facial bones was described here as the most probable diagnosis.

Repair of furcal perforation using a new endodontic cement.

The aim of this study was to compare the histologic response elicited by repairing furcal perforations with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a new endodontic material in the name of "calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement" in dogs' teeth. Thirty-four premolars were randomly divided into four groups: MTA (n = 15), CEM (n = 15), positive, and negative controls (n = 4). Root canal therapy were carried out; perforations were made, and the furcation areas were then repaired with MTA or CEM cement. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months. The teeth and their adjacent structures were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histological evaluation. Chi-square test was used to evaluate hard tissue formation, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for the histological evaluation of inflammation. Specimens in positive controls showed severe inflammatory infiltration, prominent granulation tissue, and epithelial proliferation; negative controls demonstrated normal periodontal ligament without inflammatory reactions. Hard tissue formation was observed in all the specimens of the two experimental groups. In inflammatory evaluation, mild inflammation was detected in the experimental groups, and no statistically significant differences were observed between them. MTA and CEM cement showed similar favorable biological response in furcation perforation repair, especially in inducing the formation of cementum-like hard tissue.

Variable presentations of aneurysmal bone cysts of the jaws: 51 cases treated during a 30-year period.

PURPOSE: Our study aimed to assess the clinicohistopathological features of maxillofacial aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) to distinguish parameters significant to diagnosis and treatment, adding to the body of literature on the subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients with maxillofacial ABCs treated during a 30-year period were evaluated. The demographics, histopathological findings, site, age, gender distribution, and types of maxillofacial ABCs were evaluated. The data, therapeutic results, and recurrences were then analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients diagnosed and treated for ABCs were studied in our series. These included 29 (56.9%) males and 22 (43.1%) females ranging in age from 7 to 58 years, with a mean age of 19.53 +/- 10.79. More than 3/4 of the lesions involved the mandible. ABCs were significantly more common in the mandible and in the first 2 decades of life (P < .05). The site distribution of the location of ABCs within the arch was about equal. Rapidly growing swelling was a significant clinical feature in the majority of the cases (92.2%). ABCs had variable radiographic presentation, but all were radiolucent. All cases were treated by excision and curettage with 84.4% success in the first operation. Eight patients (15.6%) had recurrences after treatment during the follow-up period (2-30 years). CONCLUSION: Maxillofacial ABCs are uncommon lesions with variable clinical and histological presentations that often respond to treatment by surgical curettage. Recurrence may be attributed to incomplete removal of the lesion.