Impact of administrative state capacity determinants on sustainable healthcare.

Public administration implements government policies through prudent administrative practices and state capacity. Based on Asia's political and administrative proficiency and paradox, this study explores the administrative state capacity determinants-bureaucratic quality (BQ) and military in politics (MP)-and their interaction with sustainable public health quality (PHQ) in Asia from 2006 to 2020. With its focus on the scenario and Asian state administrative issues, Goal 04: Health and Well-being of Sustainable Development Goals has been the core aspect of state capacity and sustainable development. Applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) econometric estimation, the study finds that the high risk of poor BQ due to political pressures and policy inconsistency has significantly and negatively impacted PHQ in Asia. In contrast, by overtaking the administration, a high degree of MP and military dominancy has been a progressive force for PHQ in Asia. The interaction of BQ and MP negatively affects the state's social development due to conflict of interest and shredding policy outcomes. This is the first study that deals with the nexus between sustainable development and administrative state capacity determinants of Asia's public sector. The paper finds that an effective and prudent administrative collaboration and expertise-sharing between the bureaucracy and the military accelerates sustainable healthcare in Asia. Furthermore, the study believes that a healthy institutional collaboration will help overcome the development loopholes in Asia, promote PHQ, and accelerate regional development.

Do institutional governance and state fragility affect institutional quality in Asian economies?

Institutional Quality (IQ) and Institutional Governance (IG) are multi-dimensional concepts influenced by many indicators, making them researchable. Moreover, IQ in Asia is trending due to a diversified economy and development pattern. This paper investigates IQ in 25 Asian countries from 2009 to 2020 by taking Country Policy and Institutional Rating as a proxy of Institutional Quality as a dependent variable, State Fragility (SF) determinants, and Institutional Governance (IG) as independent variables. The two-step GMM estimation shows that IG determinants, corruption control measures, political stability, and voice and accountability environment significantly impact IQ and development in Asian economies. On the contrary, External Intervention in policy and state affairs and SF have an adverse effect on the IQ and demote the country's development progress. It concludes that IQ in Asian economies has been substantially influenced by the IG and SF determinants.

Impact of cybersecurity measures on improving institutional governance and digitalization for sustainable healthcare.

Digitalization in healthcare through advanced methods, tools, and the Internet are prominent social development factors. However, hackers and malpractices through cybercrimes made this digitalization worrisome for policymakers. In this study, the role of E-Government Development as a proxy for digitalization and corruption prevalence has been analyzed in Healthcare sustainability in developing and underdeveloped countries of Asia from 2015 to 2021. Moreover, a moderator role of Cybersecurity measures has also been estimated on EGDI, CRP, and HS through the two-step system GMM estimation. The results show that EGDI and CRP control measures significantly improved HS in Asia. Furthermore, by deploying strong and effective Cybersecurity measures, Asia's digitalization and institutional practices are considerably enhanced, which also has an incremental impact on HS and ethical values. This present study added a novel contribution to existing digitalization and public health services literature and empirical analysis by comprehensively applying advanced econometric estimation. The study concludes that cybersecurity measures significantly improved healthcare digitalization and controlled the institutional malfunctioning in Asia. This study gives insight into how cybersecurity measures enhance the service quality and promote institutional quality of the health sector in Asia, which will help draft sustainable policy decisions and ethical values in the coming years.

COVID-19 pandemic control and administrative issues in Pakistan: How Pakistan mitigated both pandemic and administration issues?

COVID-19 is wreaking havoc all around the globe, and Pakistan bears no exception. This study explores Pakistan's response toward controlling COVID-19 Pandemic from the day the 1st case was reported, February 26, 2020, in Pakistan until August 31, 2020. It explores the administrative conflicts among federal and provincial governments and political behaviors of political parties toward the COVID-19 pandemic by referring Government Response Index. By applying the ARDL model approach, results show that since the administrative harmony had been implemented in Pakistan in July 2020, its positive impact on combating the COVID-19 situation in Pakistan and substantial improvement in recovered cases and a downward trend new confirmed and fatal cases has observed in Pakistan. The findings demonstrate that administrative efforts scattered due to internal conflicts from February to mid-July 2020 have ended, and collective aggressive policy enforcement has been mitigating the adverse impact of COVID-19 in Pakistan since July to date. However, sustainable measures and prudent policy implications are needed to combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future calamities.

COVID-19 pandemic, government response, and policy implications in China, India, Iran, and Pakistan (CIIP).

COVID-19 has been considered as a catastrophic global health response mechanism and demonstrated the international preparedness for the outbreak as well as government initiatives. This study aims to evaluate the comparative analysis of government response in China, India, Iran, and Pakistan (CIIP) countries regarding their policy enforcement on combating COVID-19 by using stringency, socioeconomic, and health containment indices. The proposed study analyzed the policy implications in CIIP from January 1, 2020 through July 21, 2020. Data have been collected from the European Union, World Health Organization, Humanitarian Exchange, and a selected National Database. Results show that despite a high degree of government's strict policies in India and Pakistan, they have been failing to control the brutality of the COVID-19. In contrast, the politics of China and Iran appear to be very successful in combating the situation in COVID-19. This study concludes that countries with ample resources and stronger coping strategies should provide developing countries with the mean for mitigating and improve their socioeconomic and economic crises, which hindered their consistent policy enforcement during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Difference in stress-related indicators between employees experiencing partial and complete lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to compare the stress experience of employees facing to differentiated types of lockdown situations: total vs. partial. It also aimed to identify the cognitive appraisal, coping, stress, and fear of contracting COVID-19 associated with lock down situations among employees. METHOD: A cross-sectional research design was employed. The sample comprises two groups (n = 490 in each group), complete lockdown (people working from home) and partial lockdown (people going to workplace), and was drawn from Pakistan using purposive sampling technique. Stress Appraisal Measure, Brief COPE Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and Fear of Contracting COVID-19 Questionnaire were used to measure cognitive appraisal, coping, stress, and fear, respectively. RESULTS: Independent sample t-test showed that the threat and uncontrollable appraisal was high in people going to workplace as compared to people working from home. Results of binary logistic regression showed that people going to workplace were more likely to cope with COVID-19 situation through seeking instrumental support, behavior disengagement, acceptance, and religion as compared to people working from home. Moreover, people working from home were 0.84 times more likely to cope through emotional support than people going to workplace. Fear was found to be 1.1 times more likely associated with people going to workplace than people working from home. CONCLUSION: This study would help administrative authorities and government institutions in designing mental health services for working population. It would help the emergency departments in devising first aid management plan to deal with the psychological needs of the workers under pandemic/lockdown situations.

Role of foreign direct investment interaction to energy consumption and institutional governance in sustainable GHG emission reduction.

The theme of the environmental upgrades and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations is "Better Environment, Better tomorrow." This study uses regulatory quality (RgQ) and energy consumption per capita (EC) as explanatory variables and foreign direct investment (FDI) as an integrating variable with RgQ and EC and examines their impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 2001 to 2018 in panel Asian economies. The findings indicate that EC negatively impacts GHG emissions, while RgQ positively promotes the reduction of GHG emissions in Asia. In addition, FDI has an integrating role, as sufficient FDI inflows significantly enhance clean energy use and EC efficiency. Such inflows also support and improve Asia's regulation quality by upgrading standardization investments and technology deployment to enhance institutional quality and achieve SDGs. FDI inflows have thus been vital in environment upgrading in Asia and regional sustainable environmental development.

China health technology and stringency containment measures during COVID-19 pandemic: A discussion of first and second wave of COVID-19.

This short communication highlights the Chinese health and stringency containment measures in the background of technology deployment and development during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. By achieving the study objective, this communication takes Health Containment Index and Stringency Response Index as independent variables and COVID-19 new confirmed cases as the dependent variable in the period January to October 2020. Applying simple linear regression analysis and china's technological revolution shows that china's 5G technology in the containment policies and medical support played a vital role in combat the first wave of COVID-19. These measures have remained sustainable and consistent, which made China resumption the economy and state development affairs. Furthermore, the second wave of COVID-19 was also under control due to sustainable policy enforcement during the first wave. In strengthening the health system and e-government system, China's 6G successful invention will make china's institutional structure to the next level and sustainable in combating future calamities and projected forthcoming waves of COVID-19.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sustainability determinants: A global trend.

For the last six months till today, the world had had no luck in defeating COVID-19. This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on sustainability determinants, with the time arisen from December 27, 2019, through June 30, 2020. This study considers quantitative COVID-19 dashboard data with sustainable determinants; old age group, people exposed to air pollution, and countries with the most international travelers. Applying linear regression examines that COVID-19 behavior concerning the aging population and countries host the most international travelers, more positively significant than people exposed to PM2.5% air pollution, respectively. This study made a novel contribution by analyzing two variables' interaction; first, the aging population and the countries that host the most international travelers. Secondly, the aging population and people exposed to air pollution are vulnerable to COVID-19 globally, a novel concept comprehensively. Results show that countries with aging populations are more exposed to COVID-19, and its interaction term host the most international travelers. It also analyses that the aging population and its interaction with people exposed to air pollution are also vulnerable to COVID-19 but marginally lesser than the former. However, their behavior varies from country to country, making room for future study to analyze a more in-depth analysis. It gives a different dimension to consider other risk factors of COVID-19 by bearing in mind its unique contagious characteristics, which will help policymakers draft a sound epidemic preparedness policy to tackle the unforeseen crisis. It gives a thought of provoking to policy practitioners for the risk characteristics of COVID-19, which needs a reassessment to epidemic risk management to deal with this, and future unforeseen crisis by considering Sustainable Development Goals.