A unique case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration in an elderly patient: A case report.

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by non-functional lung tissue receiving blood supply from an abnormal source. PS is typically diagnosed in young individuals but is uncommon in the elderly. This abstract describes a case of PS in a 62-year-old male patient presenting with recurrent fever, chronic cough, and difficulty breathing. Imaging revealed abnormal lung tissue disconnected from the bronchial tree, with blood supply from the descending thoracic aorta. Surgical intervention successfully treated the condition. The case emphasizes the need to consider PS as a possible diagnosis, even in older patients, and suggests further research into its possible etiologies.

Disturbance Rejection for Underwater robotic vehicle based on adaptive fuzzy with nonlinear PID controller.

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy with a nonlinear PID (AFNLPID) controller is suggested to solve and eliminate the effect of the disturbances regularly caused by the ocean currents and the unknown uncertainties of the underwater robotic vehicle (URV) dynamics. The main principle of the AFNLPID controller is to estimate the unknown dynamics parameters of the URV and estimate the unknown disturbances. Two types of disturbances are presented that are deepwater wave disturbances and near-surface shallow water wave disturbances. The outstanding properties of the AFNLPID were evaluated by comparing the designed controller with other existing works that are adaptive fuzzy PID (AFPID, AFPID2) controllers, conventional PID controllers, and nonlinear fractional-order PID (NLFOPID) controllers. At the end, the collected results show that the AFNLPID controller improved the efficiency of the URV for deepwater disturbances by 42.0663%, 37.0490%, 24.4449%, 64.7356%, and 51.7643% for AFPID, AFPID2, AFNLPID2, PID, and NLFOPID controllers, respectively. At the same time, the AFNLPID improved the efficiency of the URV for near-surface wave disturbances by 45.0911%, 32.2492%, 20.3839%, 56.5498%, and 51.3964% for AFPID, AFPID2, AFNLPID2, PID, and NLFOPID controllers, respectively.

A Resection of a Giant Mediastinal Teratoma in a Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome Patient.

This is a case of a giant mediastinal teratoma occupying the entire hemithorax, resulting in a complete lung whiteout. Both diagnosis and complete surgical resection of such tumors are considered a challenge, which is what we are reporting in detail in a 24-year-old Syrian woman previously diagnosed with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Here we report the simultaneous incidence of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster -Hauser syndrome and a mediastinal mature teratoma.

A delayed post-operative diaphragmatic hernia with hemothorax due to a strangulated stomach.

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias (TDHs) are uncommon, and they mostly occur following blunt or penetrating traumatic injury and rarely as a complication of Iatrogenic procedure. The management of TDHs is through surgical repair. In this article, we present the case of a diaphragmatic herniation presenting 1 year after thoracic surgery in a 16-year-old male. The patient presented with gastrointestinal obstruction symptoms and later developed a hypovolemic shock due to stomach bleeding. Immediate exploratory thoracotomy was performed, and the patient reached a full recovery afterward.

Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) with mini-thoracotomy for the management of pulmonary hydatid cysts.

BACKGROUND: Hydatid cyst is an endemic infectious disease. Various modalities have been provided to approach hydatosis. This article reports a 20-years-experience of a new minimally invasive technique for the management of solitary pulmonary hydatid cysts using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with mini-thoracotomy. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral single pulmonary hydatid cyst excision using VATS with mini-thoracotomy. All patients were managed by the same surgeon over the period from January 1996 till January 2015. RESULTS: The study involved 120 patients aged between 11 and 74 years (median age = 30 years). The overall number of conducted surgeries was 130 (10 patients needed two surgeries). No deaths were reported during or after surgery. No recurrences were seen in the follow-up period that ranged between 10 and 30 months. Three patients (2.3% out of the 130 surgeries) developed post-operative complications: one patient had prolonged air leak and two patients developed empyema. CONCLUSION: VATS with mini-thoracotomy is an effective and safe option for managing intact or ruptured solitary pulmonary hydatid cysts. Further studies in controlled prospective design are needed to compare this approach to other modalities of management.