ABSTRACT
The burden of stroke can be substantially studied by establishing the functional consequences of stroke and its predictors on the population, economy and to guide rehabilitation efforts. This study aims to determine the subtypes, risk factors, and epidemiology of stroke in Jordan. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was carried out to determine the risk factors and subtypes of stroke during 2017-2018. The study sample included 176 ischemic stroke patients of the King Abdullah University Hospital. Data was collected through medical records, which was then statistically analysed through frequencies and percentages. Results: Total 176 cases were identified out of which 101 (57.38%) were males and 75 (42.61%) were females and male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Hypertension was the commonest risk factor identified (50.56%), followed by diabetes mellitus (19.88%), hyperlipidaemia (15.34%), coronary artery disease (6.25%), atrial fibrillation (4.54%), and past history of stroke (1.13%). Risk factors such as hypertension (p = 0.007), diabetes (p = 0.000), coronary artery disease (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with subtypes of ischemic strokes. Conclusion: The study concludes that mean age of men was higher as compared to women in small vessel occlusion. The risk of ischemic stroke in patients with dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension was higher in middle-aged and old patients.
ABSTRACT
A comparative study was conducted in this work in order to investigate the current situation in the Nile river basin (NRB) regarding the institutional and legal arrangements needed to support the adaptive integrated water resources management (AIWRM) strategy. Two similar river basins were selected to achieve this comparison and to introduce suggestions to reform the current situation in the basin. Before that, the ideal situation is investigated to be as a yardstick for the desired situation. The study indicated that the necessary AIWRM criteria may include regulatory as well as implementation organizations that support shared-vision reaching with its all necessary features (cooperation, stakeholders' participation, subsidiarity, and information and knowledge exchange). Thus the main features of the desired situations regarding AIWRM in river basins are stakeholders' participation, learning-driven ability, quick response to risks and uncertainties, and finally a legal framework that could support these criteria. Although the AIWRM criteria seem to be satisfied in NRB, the basin lacks the necessary regulatory institutions as well as the legal framework. According to this, this study recommends to reform the current situation in NRB by creating regulator institutions (policy and decision making level) as well a legal framework to legitimate them.
