Evidence of oxidative stress in peroxisomal disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Peroxisomal disorders are subdivided into peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) and single peroxisomal enzyme deficiency. Many peroxisomal diseases exhibit excessive oxidative stress, leading to neurological alterations and dysfunction. Peroxisomes use oxygen in oxidative reactions that generate hydrogen peroxide. This study aimed to investigate various oxidative stress parameters in patients suffering from peroxisomal disorders. METHODS: A total of 20 patients with peroxisomal disorders, aged six months to 13 years (mean age 5.9 ± 3.2 years), were compared to 14 healthy controls. All individuals were subjected to full history-taking, including a three-generation pedigree analysis concerning parental consanguinity and similarly affected members in the family, with meticulous clinical examination to detect any malformation or anomaly. Estimation of very-long-chain fatty acids and phytanic acid was done to verify the diagnosis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, visual evoked potential, auditory potential and plain radiography were conducted to assess the pathological condition of the patients. Oxidative stress parameters, including nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were estimated in both the patients and controls. RESULTS: Significant increases in both MDA and NO were found in patients with PBDs. It was also demonstrated that SOD was significantly lower in patients with PDB than the controls. CONCLUSION: This study sheds more light on the link between oxidative stress and peroxisomal disorders, as oxidative stress may be a hallmark of peroxisomal disorders. Consequently, one of the useful neuronal rescue strategies could be treatment with antioxidant agents in addition to other lines of treatments.

Catechin protects against oxidative stress and inflammatory-mediated cardiotoxicity in adriamycin-treated rats.

Catechin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. Cardiotoxicity, which results from intense cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation, is the main limiting factor of the adriamycin use in the treatment of malignant tumors. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of catechin on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Forty-five rats were allocated to three groups: control group, adriamycin group and adriamycin + catechin group. We performed the following measurements: lipid peroxidation (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as, the expression of inflammatory cytokines genes namely nuclear factor kappa-B, tumor necrosis factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Catechin administration significantly decreased MDA level and significantly increased CAT, GSH-Px and SOD activities. Also, catechin significantly decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines. Catechin provided cardioprotection on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.