ABSTRACT
The use of natural products for disease control is a promising approach to solving the problem of drug resistance. The aim of the research reported here was to evaluate the fasciolicidal and anti-Clostridium novyi type B activities of propolis administered orally to sheep infected with Fasciola gigantica and C. novyi type B. Sheep infected with both pathogens were divided into two groups: an infected treated group and an infected non-treated group. The treatment was oral administration of 50 mg propolis extract/kg daily for 15 days. The body weight of the sheep, fecal egg counts of F. gigantica, serum levels of F. gigantica IgG, concentrations of cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17), and bacterial counts of C. novyi were evaluated. Following treatment, the sheep had increased body weight and a significant decrease in the egg count, which was reduced by 54.54% at 15 days post treatment. The level of anti- Fasciola IgG increased, whereas levels of IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17 decreased in propolistreated sheep. Treatment of sheep with propolis produced a significant reduction in fecal count of C. novyi, from 8 × 109 to 3 × 103 colony units per gram at 15 days post treatment. This research highlights the therapeutic potential of Egyptian propolis extract as a treatment against F. gigantica and C. novyi type B infections, and investigated its mode of action through its effect on some cellular and humoral responses in sheep with both infections.
Subject(s)
Clostridium Infections/veterinary , Fascioliasis , Propolis , Sheep Diseases , Animals , Antibodies, Helminth , Body Weight , Clostridium/drug effects , Clostridium Infections/drug therapy , Fasciola/drug effects , Fascioliasis/drug therapy , Fascioliasis/veterinary , Immunoglobulin G , Interleukin-10 , Interleukin-17 , Interleukin-2 , Propolis/pharmacology , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/drug therapyABSTRACT
@#The use of natural products for disease control is a promising approach to solving the problem of drug resistance. The aim of the research reported here was to evaluate the fasciolicidal and anti-Clostridium novyi type B activities of propolis administered orally to sheep infected with Fasciola gigantica and C. novyi type B. Sheep infected with both pathogens were divided into two groups: an infected treated group and an infected non-treated group. The treatment was oral administration of 50 mg propolis extract/kg daily for 15 days. The body weight of the sheep, fecal egg counts of F. gigantica, serum levels of F. gigantica IgG, concentrations of cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17), and bacterial counts of C. novyi were evaluated. Following treatment, the sheep had increased body weight and a significant decrease in the egg count, which was reduced by 54.54% at 15 days post treatment. The level of anti- Fasciola IgG increased, whereas levels of IL-2, IL-10, and IL-17 decreased in propolistreated sheep. Treatment of sheep with propolis produced a significant reduction in fecal count of C. novyi, from 8 × 109 to 3 × 103 colony units per gram at 15 days post treatment. This research highlights the therapeutic potential of Egyptian propolis extract as a treatment against F. gigantica and C. novyi type B infections, and investigated its mode of action through its effect on some cellular and humoral responses in sheep with both infections.
ABSTRACT
Activity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Hedera canariensis (var. Gloire de Maringo) Wild leaves afforded five saponins 1-5. Chemical and spectral methods (MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) showed that they are glycosides of hederagenin and oleanolic acid. The results showed that 4,5 exhibited molluscicidal properties, compound 1 was inactive. Mortality rate of exposed snails increased by increasing plant extract concentration. Lymnaea cailliaudi was more sensitive to plant extract than Biomphalaria alexandrina. The histopathological study revealed distinct damage in the structure of the stomach and ovotestis of treated L. cailliaudi snails. Saponin content was determined in term of haemolytic index.
Subject(s)
Hedera/chemistry , Molluscacides/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Saponins/pharmacology , Snails/drug effects , Animals , Biomphalaria/drug effects , Biomphalaria/growth & development , Lymnaea/drug effects , Lymnaea/growth & development , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Snails/growth & development , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A method of affinity chromatography purification of species-specific antigen from Toxocara vitulorum adult worm is described. The purification process resulted in a fraction with 9315 fold increase in specific activity compared to crude extract. Structural characterization of the isolated fraction by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and amino acid analysis showed that the fraction consists of only two polypeptides of 92 kD and 87 kD with isoelectric points of 8.8 and 8.9. Moreover, 17 amino acids were identified in the fraction with high proportions of only three of them (tyrosine, glycine and glutamic). The isolated antigen proved potency in the diagnosis of toxocariasis among buffalo claves using ELISA which recorded 100% sensitivity.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification , Buffaloes , Toxocara/immunology , Toxocariasis/immunology , Animals , Chromatography, Affinity/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Species Specificity , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Toxocariasis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Cross reactivity between Fasciola gigantica, Toxocara vitulorum and Moniezia expansa whole worm extracts was proved by ELISA. Intense cross-reaction was observed between F. gigantica and M. expansa rather than between each of them and T. vitulorum. As judged by immunoblot, the cross-reactive antigens in F. gigantica which recognized by T. vitulorum antisera was 109 kD while this component in addition to another one of 52 kD were detected by M. expansa sera in the same extract. Furthermore, T. vitulorum antigen which cross-reacted with F. gigantica was 133 kD and with M. expansa was 143 kD. Antigens responsible for cross-reactivity in M. expansa were 130 kD and 210 kD to T. vitulorum and F. gigantica respectively.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Cestoda/immunology , Fasciola/immunology , Toxocara/immunology , Animals , Cross Reactions , Molecular Weight , RabbitsABSTRACT
A structural homology between eggs of Toxocara vitulorum, Fasciola gigantica and Moniezia expansa was proved by the use of SDS-PAGE. In immunoblot, 9, 11 and 7 polypeptides were recognized in F. gigantica, M. expansa and T. vitulorum eggs respectively by their respective rabbit anti-adult antisera. Moreover, components of 240 KD and 206 KD were recognized in the three eggs by different anti-adult antisera. The anatomic localization of the crossreactive epitopes in eggs was determined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. The cross-reactive epitopes were mainly associated with embryonted cells of F. gigantica, egg shell, larvae and vitelline membranes of T. vitulorum and egg shall and granular layer of M. expansa.
