Approaches for Successful Implantation of Cardiac Implantable Devices in Patients with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava.

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common congenital thoracic venous anomaly, with 0.47% of patients undergoing pacemaker or cardiac implantable device placement found to have PLSVC. This review article describes challenges and interventions to successfully insert cardiac implantable electronic device leads into patients with PLSVC by providing multiple unique case examples.