Terrible triad injury of the elbow: A PROCESS-compliant surgical case series from Eastern Morocco.

Introduction: The terrible triad of the elbow (TTE) is a lesion associating a dislocation of the elbow, a fracture of the radial head, and a fracture of the coronoid process, with a high potential of complication. The treatment is based on the restoration of bone lesions and external capsular ligament repair. The systematic repair of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is still debated in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and functional results of the surgical treatment in a real-world series from Easter Morocco. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study of 6 cases of TTE operated by isolated external approach or combined approach (internal or anterior) of the elbow in the department of Traumatology-Orthopedics of the Mohammed VI University Hospital (Oujda Morocco), over a period of 7 years from 2013 to 2020. Radial head and coronoid process fractures were classified according to the Mason and Morrey-Regan classifications, respectively. The following clinical parameters were evaluated: Mayo Clinic Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and arc of mobility in flexion-extension and prono-supination. Results: 6 male patients treated between May 2013 and December 2020 were included. The median follow-up was 48 months. All patients had frontal and lateral standard X-ray of over and under joints, and computed tomography (CT)-scan was delivered for 5 cases. The elbow dislocation was posterolateral in five cases, and posteromedial in only one patient. Radial head fractures were classified as type I in one case, type II in two cases, and type III in three cases. Coronoid fractures were type I in three cases, type II in one case, and type III in two cases. At the last follow up, the mean MEPS, Quick DASH, and VAS was 81, 28, 0.8, respectively. The mean arc of mobility in flexion was 120° and it was deficient by 20° in extension. In addition, the mean arc of mobility in protonation was 80°, while in supination it was 75°. Regarding complications, we noticed an instability of the elbow on valgus in a single case, elbow stiffness with heterotopic ossification in a single case, ulnar nerve damage in a single case during medial collateral ligament anchoring, and elbow hygroma in one single case. Conclusion: The surgical management of TTE can provide good and long-term functional results after restoration of the stabilization of bone structures and the lateral ligament complex, without the need to repair the medial collateral ligament.

Liquid gallium-lead mixture phase diagram, surface tension near the critical mixing point, and prewetting transition.

Quite recently, we reported a semianalytical equation of state (EOS) for the Ga-Pb alloy [Phys. Rev. B 78, 024205 (2008)], which was based on the first-order perturbation theory of fluid mixtures, within the simplified random phase approximation, in conjunction with the Grosdidier et al. model pair potentials for Ga-Ga and Pb-Pb with a suitable nonadditive pair potential between Ga-Pb unlike pairs. In the present work, we employ the present EOS to calculate the Ga-Pb phase diagram along the immiscibility gap region. The accuracy of the EOS is tested by consulting the empirical binodal curve. A statistical-mechanical-based theory for the surface tension is employed to obtain an analytical expression for the alloy surface tension. We calculated the surface tension along the bimodal curve and at extreme conditions of temperatures and pressures. The surface tension exhibits reasonably well the prewetting transition of Pb atoms at the surface of the Ga-rich liquid alloy and could qualitatively explain the prewetting phenomena occurring in the Ga-rich side of the phase diagram. The predicted prewetting line and wetting temperature qualitatively agree with the empirical measurements.

Back-gated spray-deposited carbon nanotube thin film transistors operated in electrolytic solutions: an assessment towards future biosensing applications.

We report on back-gated carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistors (CNTFETs) and their performance in electrolytic solutions to assess their suitability for future application as biosensors. Spray-deposited CNT networks were used as the sensitive active layer which offers the opportunity for integration on flexible sensing platforms at low-cost. We characterized the transistors' behavior in electrolytes by analyzing the response to different KCl solutions and buffers over a wide pH range. We observed a linear response of the drain current upon changing the pH in low molarity buffers and obtained an exponential dependence on the salt concentration of the electrolyte. These responses can be attributed to electrostatic gating effects that go along with shifts in the threshold voltage. Even though a lot of effort has been put into understanding the biosensing mechanism a detailed theory is still missing. Back-gated CNTFETs operated in electrolytic solutions can be a further tool to investigate and clarify the existing unsolved phenomena.

Domestic solid waste management and its impacts on human health and the environment in Sharg El Neel Locality, Khartoum State, Sudan.

Due to rapid urbanization in Khartoum State, Domestic Solid Waste (DSW) management remains the biggest obsession that recurrently attracts the attention of the concern authorities and stakeholders. As one of the seven localities comprised the state, the Sharg El Neel Locality was chosen to study the DSW management efficiency. The materials and methods employed in collection of data is a package of techniques, one of which was by conducting interviews using structured and unstructured questions mainly directed to appropriate persons i.e., householders and particular government employees directly engaged in DSW management operations. The main findings reached in this study were that local authorities lack the necessary capacities to handle the immense problems of DSW management. Shortages of funds, inadequate number of workers, lack of transport and facilities and weakness of attitudes of respondents found to be among factors hindering the DSW management. Accordingly, proper scheduled and timing, well-trained public health officers and sanitary overseers and strict sustainable program to controlling flies, rodents, cockroach and other disease vectors are essential to properly managing DSW. Otherwise, problems resulting from solid waste generation in the study area will be magnitudized and the surrounding environment will definitely be deteriorated.

Enhancement of adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity by increasing retention and inhibition of DNA repair in DOX-resistant P388 cell lines with new calcium channel blocker, DMDP.

The effect of DMDP, N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-N-methyl-2-(2-naphthyl)-m-dithiane-2-propylam ine hydrochloride, on DOX-induced cytotoxicity, drug uptake, DNA damage and repair was investigated in adriamycin sensitive and resistant P388 cell lines. In vitro, the DOX-resistant P388 cells used are about 300-fold more resistant than the sensitive cells. Resistant cells were characterized by lower DOX accumulation, rapid drug efflux, significant decrease of DNA single and double strand breaks and rapid repair of the induced single strand breaks. DMDP, a calcium channel blocker, is an effective modulator of DOX resistance in P388 cells. This modulation was found to be highly dependent of the concentration of the modulators, optimal at the maximally moncytotoxic concentrations of 1-4 microM, and the duration of exposure to the modulator, optimal under conditions of continuous exposure to the modulator. Under the optimal conditions in the presence of the modulator, DMDP, both intracellular concentration and retention of DOX were restored in the resistant P388 cells to the value comparable to those found in DOX sensitive P388 cells. Even though DOX accumulation and retention were at a comparable level in both the sensitive and resistant cells in the presence of DMDP, the amount of DNA single strand breaks achieved in the resistant cells was only about 30% of the amount of damage observed in the sensitive cells. The data indicate that if P388/R cells were only exposed to DOX for about 2 h, the induced DNA single strand breaks were repaired rapidly within 8 h thereafter, while no significant repair was seen in the resistant cells exposed to DOX in combination with DMDP. In contrast, the repair of the extensive DNA single strand breaks induced by DOX in P388/S cells was not effected by DMDP. These data clearly demonstrated that resistance to DOX in P388 cells are multifactorial. Restoration of intracellular accumulation and retention of DOX by DMDP in the resistant cells are although necessary but not sufficient for complete restoration of the sensitivity of the highly resistant cells.