ABSTRACT
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have attracted interest as materials for opto-electronic applications, wherein their efficient energy use requires the understanding of carrier relaxation. In QDs capped by bifunctional thiols, used to attach the QDs to a surface, the relaxation is complicated by carrier traps. Using 2D spectroscopy at 77 K, we follow excitations in thiol-capped CdSe QDs with state specificity and high time resolution. We unambiguously identify the lowest state as an optically allowed hole trap, and identify an electron trap with excited-state absorption. The presence of traps changes the initial dynamics entirely by offering a different relaxation channel. 2D electronic spectroscopy enables us to pinpoint correlations between states and to easily separate relaxation from different starting states. We observe the direct rapid trapping of 1S3/2, 2S3/2, and 1S1/2 holes, and several competing electron relaxation processes from the 1Pe state.
ABSTRACT
Multiple exciton generation (MEG) is a process in which more than one exciton is generated upon the absorption of a high energy photon, typically higher than two times the band gap, in semiconductor nanocrystals. It can be observed experimentally using time resolved spectroscopy such as the transient absorption measurements. Quantification of the MEG yield is usually done by assuming that the bi-exciton signal is twice the signal from a single exciton. Herein we show that this assumption is not always justified and may lead to significant errors in the estimated MEG yields. We develop a methodology to determine proper scaling factors to the signals from the transient absorption experiments. Using the methodology we find modest MEG yields in lead chalcogenide nanocrystals including the nanorods.
ABSTRACT
Organotin(IV) complexes with o- or p-hydroxybenzoic acids (o-H(2)BZA or p-H(2)BZA) of formulae [R(2)Sn(HL)(2)] (where H(2)L = o-H(2)BZA and R = Me- (1), n-Bu- (2)); [R(3)Sn(HL)] (where H(2)L = o-H(2)BZA and R = n-Bu- (3), Ph- (4) or H(2)L = p-H(2)BZA and R = n-Bu- (5), Ph- (6)) were synthesized by reacting a methanolic solution of di- and triorganotin(IV) compounds with an aqueous solution of the ligand (o-H(2)BZA or p-H(2)BZA) containing equimolar amounts of potassium hydroxide. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, Far-IR, TGA-DTA, FT-Raman, Mössbauer spectroscopy, (1)H, (119)Sn-NMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and Mass spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 have also been determined. Finally, the influence of these complexes 1-6 upon the catalytic peroxidation of linoleic acid to hydroperoxylinoleic acid by the enzyme lipoxygenase (LOX) was kinetically studied and the results showed that triorganotin(IV) complex 6 has the lowest IC(50) value. Also complexes 1-6 were studied for their in vitro cytotoxicity against sarcoma cancer cells (mesenchymal tissue) from the Wistar rat, and the results showed that the complexes have high activity against these cell lines with triphenyltin((IV) complex 4 to be the most active one.
