Breast Cancer in the Arabian Gulf Countries.

Breast cancer stands as the prevailing malignancy across all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. In this literature review, we highlighted the incidence and trend of breast cancer in the GCC. Most of the studies reported a consistent increase in breast cancer incidence over the past decades, which was particularly attributed to the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle in the region and the implications of emerging risk factors and other environmental and societal factors, the increase in screening uptake, as well as the improvement in data collection and reporting in the GCC. The data on breast cancer risk factors in the GCC were limited. In this geographic region, breast cancer frequently manifests with distinctive characteristics, including an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 50; an advanced stage at presentation; and a higher pathological grade. Additionally, it often exhibits more aggressive features such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity or the presence of triple-negative (TN) attributes, particularly among younger patients. Despite the growing body of literature on breast cancer in the GCC, data pertaining to survival rates are, regrettably, meager. Reports on breast cancer survival rates emanating from the GCC region are largely confined to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the UAE, predictive modeling reveals 2-year and 5-year survival rates of 97% and 89%, respectively, for the same period under scrutiny. These rates, when compared to Western counterparts such as Australia (89.5%) and Canada (88.2%), fall within the expected range. Conversely, Saudi Arabia reports a notably lower 5-year survival rate, standing at 72%. This disparity in survival rates underscores the need for further research directed toward elucidating risk factors and barriers that hinder early detection and screening. Additionally, there is a pressing need for expanded data reporting on survival outcomes within the GCC. In sum, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of breast cancer dynamics in this region is imperative to inform effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and improved patient outcomes.

First Reported Case of Successful Conception and Delivery During Stage IV Breast Cancer Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We herein report a case involving a woman with metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive breast cancer (BC) who became pregnant while undergoing active anticancer therapy with Trastuzumab-Pertuzumab for her advanced BC disease at our institution. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pregnancy and successful delivery in a stage IV BC patient during anticancer therapy. A multidisciplinary approach for such a complex case is a must to evaluate the mother's medical condition by an experienced oncology team along with a maternal-fetal team, with support from a psychiatric and psychological evaluation for the mother. The use of effective contraception during anticancer therapy is essential to avoid such a scenario.

Determining employee satisfaction, intrapreneurship and firm growth among managers of Pakistan.

Nowadays, organizational performance and Firm Growth (FG) depend significantly on entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship and Employee Satisfaction. This study aimed to examine ES, intrapreneurship, and FG among top managers in Pakistan. The study employed a quantitative method based on cross-sectional data which we collected through a survey questionnaire. In conducting this study, the researchers employed a random sampling technique. The final analysis utilized 180 valid samples. The findings of the SEM analysis show that ES has a significant and positive impact on intrapreneurship and FG. Furthermore, intrapreneurship has, also, a positive and significant impact on FG. This study's results have led the researchers to conclude that a thoughtful and systematic approach to ES would lead to greater intrapreneurship and FG. This study's findings contribute, also, to intrapreneurship research by adding to the empirical evidence on the effects of ES and intrapreneurship on FG.