1-[5-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-2-pyrazolin-1-yl]ethanone.

In the title compound, C19H18N2O3, the pyrazoline ring is close to being planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.035 Å) and subtends dihedral angles of 2.11 (8) and 82.63 (8)° with the p-tolyl and benzene rings, respectively. In the crystal, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional network. A weak C-H⋯π inter-action involving the benzene ring is also observed.

3-(4-Methyl-phen-yl)-4-[(thio-semi-carba-zono)meth-yl]-1,2,3-oxa-diazol-3-ium-5-olate 1,4-dioxane hemisolvate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H11N5O2S·0.5C4H8O2, contains one 3-(p-tol-yl)sydnone 4-thio-semi-carba-zone mol-ecule and a half mol-ecule of 1,4-dioxane, which lies abount an inversion centre. The sydnone ring is almost planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.002 (1) Å, and forms a dihedral angle of 46.31 (5)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, the two components are linked into a tape along [01-1] by N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network.

The genotoxicity of Hinosan, an organophosphorus pesticide in the in vivo mouse.

The genotoxic potential of Edifenphos (Hinosan) was studied in the in vivo mouse system. The test parameters used were chromosomal aberration assay, micronucleus test and sperm abnormality assay. The dose and time yield effects of the pesticide were investigated for chromosomal aberrations and the micronucleus test. Statistically significant chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and sperm abnormalities revealed the genotoxicity of this compound.

Progestin (norethisterone)-induced genetic damage in mouse bone marrow.

Primolut-N tablets containing norethisterone were assessed for their in vivo genotoxic effect on the bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. The chromosomal aberration assay and the micronucleus test were employed for the study. Statistically significant increases in chromosomal aberrations were induced by doses > or = 3.0 mg/kg/day. The maximum frequency of aberrations was induced at 24 h, thereafter decreasing with increasing time. But the drug Primolut-N did not induce a significant increase in the number of micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes at any of the doses and time intervals studied.

Methyl parathion-induced sperm shape abnormalities in mouse.

Metacid 50, the commercial grade of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate), a commonly used organophosphorus insecticide, was tested for its genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice using the sperm abnormality assay. Sperms of albino mice were examined at two time intervals, 1 week and 5 weeks after a single acute oral treatment with the pesticide at four dose levels, viz., 75.0, 37.5, 18.75 and 9.375 mg/kg body weight corresponding to 1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50, 1/8 LD50 and 1/16 LD50 values respectively. A dose-related statistically significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm observed indicates the genotoxic potency of methyl parathion.

Genotoxic effect of Anovlar 21, an oral contraceptive, on mouse bone marrow.

Anovlar 21, a combination drug containing the oestrogen ethinyloestradiol and the progestin norethisterone acetate, was studied for its in vivo genotoxic effect on the bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. The chromosomal aberration assay and the micronucleus test were employed for the study. 0.08, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, 6.4 and 8.0 mg/kg/day of the drug was orally administered for 15 consecutive days to mice. Bone marrow preparations were made 24 h after the final feeding. The lowest dose, 0.08 mg/kg, represents the human therapeutic range. Marrow preparations of mice fed 0.8 mg/kg/day for 15 days were made at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h, and 1, 2 and 3 weeks and a time-yield analysis was carried out. Statistically significant increases in chromosomal aberrations were observed in animal groups fed doses of greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/kg/day. In the time-response study, the maximum frequency of aberrations was noted at 24 h, thereafter decreasing gradually with increasing time. But the drug did not induce a significant increase in the number of micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes at any of the doses or time intervals studied.