ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We analyzed the causal relationship between LDL susceptibility to oxidation and the development of new carotid artery atherosclerosis over a period of 5 years. We previously described the determinants related to a risk of cardiovascular changes determined in a Japanese population participating in the Niigata Study, which is an ongoing epidemiological investigation of the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: We selected 394 individuals (169 males and 225 females) who underwent a second carotid artery ultrasonographic examination in 2001 - 2002 for the present study. The susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was determined as the photometric absorbance and electrophoretic mobility of samples that had been collected in 1996 - 1997. The measurements were compared with ultrasonographic findings obtained in 2001 - 2002. RESULTS: The multivariate-adjusted model showed that age (odds ratio (OR), 1.034; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 1.010 - 1.059), HbA1c (OR, 1.477; 95%CI, 0.980 - 2.225), and photometric O/N (OR, 2.012; 95%CI, 1.000 - 4.051) were significant variables that could independently predict the risk of new carotid artery atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: The susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was a significant parameter that could predict new carotid artery atherosclerosis over a 5-year period, and higher susceptibility was associated with a higher incidence of new carotid artery atherosclerosis.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/blood , Carotid Artery Diseases/blood , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Apolipoprotein B-100/blood , Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Disease Susceptibility , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Oxidation-Reduction , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that sleep duration is associated with total mortality in a U-shaped fashion. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and carotid artery atherosclerosis in a Japanese population. METHODS: In 2009-2010, a total of 2498 participants (1195 men, 1303 women; age range, 23-92 years) were recruited from members of a Japanese community receiving annual health check-up at a local health center who agreed to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were as follows: age <40 or ≥85 years; and more than one missing value from either laboratory data or questionnaire responses. A total of 2214 participants were entered into the study. Carotid artery arteriosclerosis was evaluated ultrasonographically and quantified as intima-medial thickness (IMT). The presence of carotid artery atherosclerosis was defined as IMT≥1.2 mm. Sleep durations were compared with IMT measurements after controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, alcohol intake, and smoking habit. RESULTS: Sleep duration ≥7 h correlated significantly with the incidence of IMT≥1.2 m when compared with a sleep duration of 6 h (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, 1.263; 95% confidence interval, 1.031-1.546, P=0.024). Shorter sleep duration ≤5 h did not correlate significantly with the risk compared with a sleep duration of 6 h. CONCLUSION: Long sleep duration (≥7 h) correlated significantly with the incidence of carotid artery atherosclerosis compared with a sleep duration of 6 h, but shorter sleep duration did not.
Subject(s)
Asian People/statistics & numerical data , Carotid Artery Diseases/ethnology , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Sleep , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Incidence , Japan/epidemiology , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors , Ultrasonography , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Great differences in age-standardized mortality rates by cardiovascular disease exist among countries. We prospectively assessed determinants of future cardiovascular changes in a Japanese cohort. METHODS: In 1996, 1011 men and 1153 women from a Japanese community participated in a study on cardiovascular risk factors at a local health centre. Of these, the 896 subjects who visited the centre both in 1996 and 2001 were selected for the analysis. The presence of cardiovascular changes was defined as the appearance of one or more of the following in five years: positive electrocardiographic findings, intima-media thickness of the carotid artery >or=0.8 mm and retinal vascular changes >or=Keith-Wegener-Barker classification stage I. RESULTS: Of the 607 subjects who had no history of cardiovascular disease in 1996, 421 showed changes in 2001. Both the age-adjusted and multivariate models showed that the risk of the cardiovascular changes increased as systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased to >or=135 mmHg (multivariate odds ratio = 1.739, 95% confidence interval = 1.076-2.810, P < 0.05) compared with those with an SBP of 110-134 mmHg. When we made the analyses only for laboratory test results by excluding SBP, body mass index, alcohol intake and current smoking from the regression model, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose were significant variables. CONCLUSION: The risk of future cardiovascular changes is significantly greater with higher SBP in the Japanese population.
