Investigating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on psycho-social and emotional adaptability and cognitive flexibility in people with multiple sclerosis in Hamedan, Iran.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that profoundly impacts the patient's life. This study investigates the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on psycho-social and emotional adaptability and cognitive flexibility in patients with multiple sclerosis in Hamedan city. METHODS: The current study was semi-experimental and was designed with a pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all people suffering from MS who referred to the MS association in Hamedan, Iran, in 2022, among whom 30 people were selected by sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (each group of 15 people). The experimental group received cognitive behavioral intervention during eight sessions of 90 min weekly. The control group did not receive any interventions. The subjects were re-evaluated after 2 months for follow-up. The data were collected using a psycho-social adaptability with illness scale questionnaire, Bell's emotional adjustment questionnaire, and cognitive flexibility inventory questionnaire. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measurements using SPSS-21 software. RESULTS: The results revealed that the cognitive behavioral therapy intervention significantly impacted the improvement of psycho-social and emotional adaptability and cognitive flexibility compared to the control group. This impact persisted until the follow-up stage. CONCLUSION: Cognitive behavioral therapy removes cognitive barriers related to attitude and self-management by increasing the information, which improves psycho-social and emotional adaptability, cognitive flexibility, and, consequently, self-care behaviors.

COVID-19 and Endocrine System: A Cross-Sectional Study on 60 Patients with Endocrine Abnormality.

Objective: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has become pandemic with a high mortality rate. This study aims to provide new insight into the relations between SARS-CoV-2 and the Endocrine system. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we have hospitalized 60 patients with a positive SARA-CoV-2 PCR test. The information of complete blood count and endocrine hormones was obtained when the patients were admitted to the hospital or for a maximum of 4 days onset the hospitalization. Results: Of 60 patients with COVID-19, forty-four (73.33%) had at least one abnormality mean item >×3. In total, 26 (43.33%), 21 (35%), 18 (30%), 13 (21.67%), 31 (51.67%), 12 (20%), 30 (50%), 25 (41.67%) patients having estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) abnormal test results, respectively. There was no change in creatinine levels. FSH has shown drastic changes in both sexes' intensity (F: 769, P<0.0001). Although TSH had many abnormalities in women, analysis has shown no significant P value (P=0.4558). Furthermore, prolactin and testosterone mean level in men and the estradiol mean level in women have shown no significant P value (P=0.2077, P=0.1446, P=0.1351, respectively). Conclusion: Results suggest that COVID-19 affects directly or non-directly glands and related hormones.