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Background: Research has examined the relationship between salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) screening and prognosis. Due to biochemical changes in cancer cells and increased production of lactate products in the body. The present systematic review aims to evaluate the changes in salivary LDH levels in HNSCC patients. Methods: The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were collected by searching PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2021. The heterogeneity of the articles was analyzed using I2 and TAU2. Results: After searching the databases, of 988 articles, 665 duplicated articles were excluded by adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. So, 25 articles were primarily selected to be reviewed and evaluated for quality. Finally, 19 articles were selected and analyzed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa checklist. A total of 642 HNSCC patients were reviewed. The meta-analysis showed salivary LDH levels in the HNSCC group were higher than the control group (mean difference = 0.675, standard error = 0.058) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: As the research results showed, a significant correlation was observed between salivary LDH levels and HNSCCs. So, LDH can be employed as a valuable and minimally invasive biomarker in head and neck cancer screening and prevention.
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Background: These days minimally invasive micro-osteoperforation (MOPs) has accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, there are some conflicting reports about their various impacts; hence, the present systematic review study aimed to evaluate the effect of MOP on root resorption, pulp vitality, and the biological changes of teeth subjected to OTM. Materials and Methods: Search in electronic databases of English literature including PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, Cochrane, and Google scholar as well as a manual search was performed from 2013 to 2022. Most of the studies included in this article were randomized controlled trials. Results: From the total number of 321 found articles, 31 duplicated and 268 irrelevant articles were excluded regarding the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consequently, 22 articles were subjected to the quality assessment process, and finally, 18 articles were selected for the review phase. Root resorption during tooth movement using the MOP approach was reported only in one study. Besides, except for two animal studies, all of the relevant included articles showed that MOPs significantly increased the expression of some inflammatory biomarkers known to recruit osteoclast precursors and increase the number of osteoclast cells. On the other hand, two animal studies showed no differences in osteoclast counts by using MOPs in comparison to their control groups, which was consequently the result of biologic variability between animal and human and also probably the small sample sizes of these two studies. Conclusion: In this systematic review, according to the adverse effects of MOP on root resorption, one study showed higher levels of root resorption among patients undergoing MOP. However, this outcome was due to the different methods used to evaluate the effect of MOPs on root resorption. Moreover, a high certainty of evidence supports that MOP causes biological changes and an elevation in cytokines, chemokines, and other biomarkers that stimulates osteoclasts differentiation which in turn accelerate OTM. There was no change in pulp vitality status based on available evidence.
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Oral and maxillofacial tissue defects caused by trauma, tumor reactions, congenital anomalies, ischemic diseases, infectious diseases, surgical resection, and odontogenic cysts present a formidable challenge for reconstruction. Tissue regeneration using functional biomaterials and cell therapy strategies has raised great concerns in the treatment of damaged tissue during the past few decades. However, during biomaterials implantation and cell transplantation, the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) may hinder tissue repair as it commonly causes severe tissue injuries leading to the cell damage. These products exist in form of oxidant molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ions, hydroxyl radicals, and nitrogen oxide. These days, many scientists have focused on the application of ROS-scavenging components in the body during the tissue regeneration process. One of these scavenging components is antioxidants, which are beneficial materials for the treatment of damaged tissues and keeping tissues safe against free radicals. Antioxidants are divided into natural and synthetic sources. In the current review article, different antioxidant sources and their mechanism of action are discussed. The applications of antioxidants in the regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissues, including hard tissues of cranial, alveolar bone, dental tissue, oral soft tissue (dental pulp, periodontal soft tissue), facial nerve, and cartilage tissues, are also highlighted in the following parts.
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Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease in dentistry that may lead to tooth loss and aesthetic problems. Periodontal tissue has a sophisticated architecture including four sections of alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva, and periodontal ligament fiber; all these four can be damaged during periodontitis. Thus, for whole periodontal regeneration, it is important to form both hard and soft tissue structures simultaneously on the tooth root surface without forming junctional epithelium and ankylosis. This condition makes the treatment of the periodontium a challenging process. Various regenerative methods including Guided Bone/Tissue Regeneration (GBR/GTR) using various membranes have been developed. Although using such GBR/GTR membranes was successful for partial periodontal treatment, they cannot be used for the regeneration of complete periodontium. For this purpose, multilayered scaffolds are now being developed. Such scaffolds may include various biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors in a multiphasic configuration in which each layer is designed to regenerate specific section of the periodontium. This article provides a comprehensive review of the multilayered scaffolds for periodontal regeneration based on natural or synthetic polymers, and their combinations with other biomaterials and bioactive molecules. After highlighting the challenges related to multilayered scaffolds preparation, features of suitable scaffolds for periodontal regeneration are discussed.
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, causing many psychological and occupational effects for the medical staff, including dentists and all those who work to promote oral health. The present systematic review study investigates the psychological causes and effects of the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak on dentists. Systematic search was performed on valid databases such as Science Direct, Web of Science (WoS), Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus. The English articles published from December 2019 to November 2020 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the articles was assessed using an existing checklist. Then, their full texts were reviewed to extract the necessary data. Finally, the data were summarized in a table. This systematic review study showed the emergence of psychological symptoms such as fear, anxiety, and stress are the three most common disorders in dentists and all those who work to promote oral health as the medical staff. This pandemic has had occupational and economic consequences for dentists. In general, the research results indicated that the outbreak of COVID-19 had affected the dental profession in two areas: (1) Psychological consequences: Reviewing the articles showed that the essential psychological effects in the dental profession are the fear of infection by patients, anxiety, and stress, respectively. (2) Occupational effects: The second significant consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak was that due to fear and anxiety of getting infected with the virus in the dental environment, containing particles and aerosols from patients' saliva and blood, dentists had to limit doing their jobs in the emergency room and sometimes even closing their offices. This issue may cause economic problems for their professions. There is also a need to allocate additional costs for the provision of sanitary equipment.
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INTRODUCTION: Dental and oral health is a core component of general health and well-being. Few aspects of health are as accessible to personal control as oral hygiene which can be improved by simple behavioral changes. In recent years, dentists in the field of oral and dental health improvement have been research doing for measurement of validity and efficiency of available educational interventions. In this regard, meta-analysis integrates the results of different studies then determines the effect size of educational interventions. This study seeks to investigate the effective educational interventions on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran by following the meta-analysis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present research was a meta-analysis study. This research by using the technique of meta-analysis to integrate the results of different studies, to determine the effect size of an educational intervention on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran. Seventeen studies accepted in methodology were collected in Iran during 2001-2018, and analyzed through meta-analysis. The research tool was meta-analysis checklist. Effect size for each study was manually calculated. RESULTS: The study findings showed that the rate of the effect size of educational intervention on Improving Oral and Dental Health Improvement in Iran was 0.62 (P ≤ 0.008) which according to Cohen's table was intermediate. CONCLUSION: Findings of this meta-analysis support of the effectiveness of educational interventions on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran. It seems that the educational interventions on improving dental and oral health can be used as a method for improving oral and dental health in Iran.
