Vaccine non-receipt and refusal in Ethiopia: The expanded program on immunization coverage survey, 2012.

INTRODUCTION: Rates of full childhood immunization in Ethiopia are well below the WHO global goal of 90% coverage by 2020. This study explores associations between sociodemographic characteristics and healthcare services utilization with experiences of not receiving a vaccine in Ethiopia. METHODS: This analysis uses data from Ethiopia's 2012 Expanded Program on Immunization Coverage Survey. The relationships between explanatory variables, including sociodemographic and healthcare utilization factors, and various reasons a child was not vaccinated were assessed with Rao-Scott chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined significant predictors of these experiences. RESULTS: The sample includes the caregivers of 2,722 children. Experiences of not receiving a vaccine were characterized overall and by type of experience: whether a caregiver ever refused vaccination for their child (2.9%), ever decided to not take their child to a health center for vaccination (3.6%), and ever went to a health facility for vaccination but child was not vaccinated (12.0%). Region of residence, possession of a vaccination card, and the setting of the child's last routine vaccination were predictors of not receiving a vaccine. Caregivers reported negative perceptions of vaccines were among their reasons for refusing a vaccine or declining to take their child to a health facility for vaccination. CONCLUSION: Prior experiences with health facilities, such as where a child received their last routine vaccine, play a key role in future vaccination. Vaccine receipt at an outreach event is associated with not bringing a child to a health facility for vaccination, which may indicate an unwillingness to visit or difficulty accessing health centers. Further, negative perceptions of vaccines may result in vaccine refusal or delay. Findings of this study provide public health officials with a better understanding of factors related to vaccination experiences and can inform development of interventions that will improve childhood vaccination rates in Ethiopia.

Vaccination timeliness among newborns and infants in Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: We characterize the risk factors for delayed polio dose 1, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) dose 1, pentavalent dose 1, and measles dose 1 in Ethiopian infants. We also examine the interaction between institutional delivery and demographic factors on the birth doses of the BCG and polio vaccines to better understand factors influencing vaccination. METHODS: Using the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, we calculated the distribution of the study population across different demographic and vaccination characteristics. We computed acceleration factors using a multivariable accelerated failure time model with a Weibull distribution to account for left and right censoring. For the birth doses, we further specified an interaction term between institutional delivery and every other a priori specified independent variable to test whether institutional delivery modifies sociodemographic disparities in vaccination timeliness. RESULTS: Low wealth status, home delivery, and ethnicity are risk factors for delayed vaccination of polio 1, DPT 1, pentavalent 1, and measles 1. Religion is a risk factor for measles 1 vaccination delay and rural residence are risk factors for delayed DPT1 and polio 1 doses. For birth doses of polio and BCG, institutional delivery attenuated many sociodemographic disparities in vaccination delay, except for urbanicity, which showed rural dwellers with more delay than urban dwellers with an institutional vs home birth. CONCLUSIONS: Less delayed vaccination among children with institutional deliveries highlights the importance of perinatal care and the potential for promoting healthy behaviors to parents. Persistent disparities between urban and rural residents, even among those with institutional births, can be targeted for future interventions. Timely vaccination is key to prevention of unnecessary childhood mortality.

Women's satisfaction with intrapartum care in St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Satisfaction during intrapartum care is the most influential attribute on maternal health service return behaviors and utilization. Measuring satisfaction of women with intrapartum care helps to address the problems and improves the quality of delivery services. The aim of this study is to assess women's level of satisfaction during intrapartum care. METHOD: A hospital based, analytic, cross sectional study was conducted at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa Ethiopia, from May to June 2015. Data collectors administered a structured and pretested questionnaire to collect data and then analyzed it using SPSS version 20.0 software. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with women's intrapartum care satisfaction. RESULT: A total of 394 women of mean age 25.98 years with a standard deviation of ±4.72were included in the study. Only 19% of the women were satisfied with the intrapartum care they received. The variables which were significantly associated with satisfaction of intrapartum care were; opportunity to talk Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) (95% CI) 2.44 (1.12, 5.29); Pain Management AOR (95% CI) 3.37 (1.83, 6.21); Short Length of Time Taken for Admission After Seen by Health Professionals AOR (95% CI)0 .97 (0.93, 0.99), and Short Length of Stay in the Hospital AOR (95% CI) 0.91 (0.87, 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: The women's overall satisfaction with intrapartum care was low. Multiple factors influence their satisfaction. Health professionals, policy makers and health administrators should give emphasis to factors that contribute to low satisfaction of women with intrapartum care. They should also strengthen their efforts to deliver quality and easily accessible maternal health service to improve women's overall satisfaction with the maternal health service.