ABSTRACT
Desalination of seawater is becoming an important means to address the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources in the world. Seawater has been used as drinking water in the health, food, and medical fields and various beneficial effects have been suggested, although not confirmed. Given the presence of 63 minerals and trace elements in drinking desalinated seawater (63 DSW), we evaluated their effects on the behavior of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining. Our results showed that cell viability and proliferation in the presence of 63 DSW were significantly greater than in mineral water and in the presence of fetal bovine serum in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 63 DSW showed no toxic effect on murine embryonic fibroblast (NIH-3T3) and murine melanoma (B16-F10) cells. In another assay, we also showed that pre-treatment of non-adherent THP-1 cells with 63 DSW reduces apoptosis incidence, suggesting a protective effect against cell death. We conclude that cell viability and proliferation were improved by the mineral components of 63 DSW and this effect can guide further studies on health effects associated with DSW consumption.
Subject(s)
Drinking Water/chemistry , Minerals/pharmacology , Seawater/analysis , Water Purification , Animals , Annexin A5/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Coloring Agents/chemistry , Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/chemistry , Mice , NIH 3T3 Cells , Propidium/chemistry , Seawater/chemistry , Staining and Labeling , Tetrazolium Salts/chemistry , Thiazoles/chemistryABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência do uso de imunoestimulante associado a anti-helmíntico no tratamento das helmintoses de ovinos. Os animais do grupo I (n=29) receberam o anti-helmíntico albendazole (11mg kg-1) em administração única e o imunoestimulante composto de Propionibacterium granulosum (16ug kg-1) e lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli (1,2ug kg-1) em duas doses com intervalo de 48 horas e os animais do grupo II (n=29) receberam o anti-helmíntico albendazole (11mg kg-1). Amostras foram colhidas semanalmente durante 28 dias para a realização da contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, hematócrito e contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Os animais que receberam imunoestimulante associado a anti-helmíntico apresentaram aumento significativo dos valores de eosinófilos e linfócitos (P<0,05) em relação aos animais que receberam somente anti-helmíntico. Na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos (P>0,05). Com base nesses resultados, pode-se concluir que imunoestimulantes podem ser utilizados associados a anti-helmínticos como alternativa terapêutica no tratamento das helmintíases em ovinos, uma vez que promovem a ativação da resposta imune com participação de células e mediadores importantes para a eliminação de helmintos em ovinos.
This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the immunostimulant combined with anthelmintic on the helminthiasis treatment in sheep. The animals of group I (n=29) received the anthelmintic albendazole (11mg kg-1) in a single administration and the immunostimulant composed with Propionibacterium granulosum (16ug kg-1) and lypopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli (1,2ug kg-1) into two doses every 48 hours and the animals from group II (n=29) received anthelmintic albendazole (11mg g-1). Samples were collected weekly during 28 days, to carry out the total and differential count of leukocytes, hematocrit and the eggs count per gram of feces (EPG). The animals that received immunostimulant combined with anthelmintic showed significantly increases of eosinophils and lymphocytes (P<0.05) compared to animals that only received the anthelmintic. In eggs count per gram of feces (EPG), there were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). Based on these results it was concluded that immunostimulants can be used when combined with anthelminthic as an alternative therapy for the treatment of helminthiasis in sheep, since they promote the activation of immune response with participation of cells and mediators important for the removal of helminths in sheep.
