ABSTRACT
1. The hepatotoxic response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to a middle distillate (MD) and heavy distillate (HD) coal liquid was determined following administration by injection or in food. Hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was compared to the known AHH inducer, benzo(a)pyrene. 2. Acute toxicities (LD50) of 1500 and 1410 mg/kg were obtained 120 hr after intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for MD and HD coal liquids, respectively. Only the HD induced AHH activity when injected at 5% and 10% of the acute LD50. 3. Ingestion of 7 or 70 mg HD/kg body weight for 1 week resulted in AHH induction at 5-7 times that of control values. Levels of hepatic AHH activity in fish treated at 7 mg HD/kg declined to 2.6 times control values 7 days after exposure. Maximum induction was observed for the 70 mg HD/kg group that was provided control food for 1 week following 2 weeks of exposure. 4. The hepatic index (HI) or liver to body weight ratio generally increased along with increased activity in the enzyme response system.
Subject(s)
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/biosynthesis , Coal/adverse effects , Liver/enzymology , Salmonidae/metabolism , Trout/metabolism , Animals , Enzyme Induction , Liver/drug effectsABSTRACT
The sensitivity of trout ova and sperm to 1-T magnetic fields was investigated. It was determined that 1) overall test results combining seven independent Z-statistics demonstrated a significant (alpha less than 0.0001) enhancement of fertilization when ova alone were exposed to the magnetic field prior to fertilization; 2) similarly, overall test results combining Z-statistics from eight independent experiments indicated a significant (alpha less than 0.0004) enhancement when sperm alone were exposed; and 3) statistical analysis of nine independent experiments confirmed enhanced fertilization (alpha less than 0.0001) when both ova and sperm were exposed to the magnetic field prior to fertilization. Although these data indicated that both ova and sperm were sensitive to magnetic fields, simultaneous exposure of both gametes did not have a greater total effect on fertilization rate than the sum of their individual effects.
Subject(s)
Fertilization in Vitro , Magnetics , Ovum , Salmonidae/physiology , Spermatozoa , Trout/physiology , Animals , Female , MaleSubject(s)
Immunity, Innate , Radiation Injuries/immunology , Tritium , Animals , Antibody Formation , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Fishes/embryology , Fishes/immunology , Immunity, Innate/radiation effects , Time Factors , VaccinationABSTRACT
Mycobacteriosis was found in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) taken from the Yakima River near Richland, Washington in 1975 and 1976. The disease appeared to affect about 8% of the population sampled. Gross lesions were present in most visceral organs, but were most common in the kidney, liver and pyloric caeca. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of large numbers of macrophages containing numerous intracellular bacilli. An organism was isolated and has been tentatively classified as Mycobacterium sp., Runyon group III.
Subject(s)
Fish Diseases , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/veterinary , Mycobacterium Infections/veterinary , Animals , Female , Fish Diseases/pathology , Fishes , Male , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/pathology , WashingtonABSTRACT
Lesions of tuberculosis in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) were present in all visceral organs. The tubercles were composed of large rounded macrophages which contained numerous intracytoplasmic acid-fast bacilli. The lesions were not encapsulated and mineralization was not observed.
