ABSTRACT
"Background: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and tuberculosis are commonly called the ""deadly duo""; because human immunodeficiency virus increases susceptibility to tuberculosis which in turn accelerates its progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This study describes human immunodeficiency virus/ tuberculosis co-infection in Sokoto State; Nigeria. Methods: Data were extracted from medical records of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in health facilities that offer comprehensive care for human immunodeficiency virus infected patients in Sokoto State; and analysed. Results: Majority of the 353 study subjects were females (60.6) aged 30-39 years (37.4) and living in Sokoto state (78.5). Care entry points were Medical Outpatient Department (36.8); General Outpatient Department (35.4) and voluntary counseling centre (23.5). Enrolment for human immunodeficiency virus care was highest in May (13.4) and lowest in March (5.1). The functional status of majority (75.8) of the study subjects was asymptomatic normal activity. Thirty-three (9.3) of the study subjects were human immunodeficiency virus/Tuberculosis co-infected. Human immune deficiency virus only cases and human immunodeficiency virus/Tuberculosis co-infected cases were similar with respect to age and sex but differed significantly with respect to WHO clinical stage; CD4 count and functional status. Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus only and human immunodeficiency virus/tuberculosis coinfection cases have similar demographic characteristics but differ with respect to the stage of acquired immune deficiency syndrome."
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Coinfection , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Nigeria , TuberculosisABSTRACT
The histological findings in renal biopsy specimens obtained from 41 children with the nephrotic syndrome in Ibadan, Nigeria, between July, 1989 and June, 1996 are presented. The patients consisted of 26 male and 15 female children and their ages ranged from 2-13 years. The predominant histological type was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) which occurred in 21 (51.2%). Membranous nephropathy and minimal change nephropathy (MCN) accounted for 4 (9.8%) patients each. The prevalence of MPGN was 33.3% in children less than 5 years of age compared with 56.2% amongst children who were > or = 5 years. All the three patients with MCN who were treated with a course of prednisolone had complete remission of the disease. It is concluded that MPGN is the predominant histological lesion seen in childhood nephrotic syndrome in Ibadan and that MCN remains an uncommon lesion. Therefore, renal biopsy is recommended as a prelude to a trial of steroid therapy in these patients since MCN (which is generally associated with steroid-responsiveness) is an uncommon finding among them.
