ABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess bioglass sintering to a zirconia core on surface properties and bonding strength to resin cement. Zirconia specimens were divided into four groups: G I: sintered; G II: bioglass modified zirconia (a bioglass slurry was sintered with zirconia at 1550 °C); G III: sandblasted using 50 µm Al2O3 particles; and G IV: Z-prime plus application. Surface morphology and chemical analysis were studied using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Surface roughness was evaluated using a profilometer. Surface hardness was measured using an indentation tester. For the microshear bond strength test, resin cement cylinders were bonded to a zirconia surface. Half of the specimens were tested after 24 h; the other half were thermocycled (5-55 °C) for 1000 cycles. A shearing load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min on a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA using SPSS software at (p < 0.05). Results: tThe mean surface roughness of G II was significantly higher than G I and G III. The microhardness of G II was significantly lower than all groups. For bond strength, there was no significant difference between groups II, III, and IV after thermocycling. Conclusions: Bioactive glass can increase the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement, and is comparable to sandblasting and Z-prime bonding agents.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To date, there is no clear consensus in the literature which endocrown design with which material is the most effective treatment option to restore endodontically treated maxillary premolars with extensive loss of tooth structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution pattern and failure probability of maxillary first premolars restored with a novel endocrown system compared to the conventional one by means of Finite Element and Weibull analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two finite element (FE) models representing two endocrown systems used for restoration of severely-destructed endodontically treated maxillary first premolar tooth were generated: model C for the conventional monolithic IPS e.max CAD endocrown and model P for the novel bi-layered endocrown (PEKKTON ivory coping veneered with cemented IPS e.max CAD). A static occlusal compressive load was axially and centrally-applied. Modified von Mises and maximum principal stress values on the remaining tooth structure, cement lines and restorative materials were evaluated separately. Weibull function was incorporated with FE analysis to calculate the long term failure probability. RESULTS: Regarding stresses occurred in the remaining tooth structure (enamel and dentin), model P transmitted less stresses than model C. The individual enamel of model C showed about 5% and 40% risk of failure at normal and maximum occlusal load values, respectively, while for model P, it had no failure risk at both values. For dentin, model C showed about 13% failure risk at the normal masticatory force, while model P showed only 2%. At clenching value, model C dentin showed about 44% failure risk, while only 9% was resulted for model P. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the conventional endocrown system, the positive impact of the studied novel endocrown system on the stress distribution pattern and also on the survival/failure probability of the restored severely-destructed endodontically treated maxillary first premolar teeth was reflected (more tooth-friendly), not only at normal masticatory forces but also at the maximum functional loads. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The novel endocrown system using a PEKK coping veneered with cemented IPS e.max CAD can be considered a favorable option for restoration of severely-destructed endodontically treated premolar teeth, with more protection for residual tooth structure. Despite the conventional endocrown system may benefit the durability of tooth bonding, it should not be selected for restoration of clenching cases because of the too high overall failure risk.
