Modified SCORE tool for prediction of bone mineral density in Egyptian elderly women. Comparison of seven osteoporosis screening tools.

We aimed to compare the performance of seven risk screening tools for detecting elderly Egyptian women with osteoporosis and to modify the tool with the best performance to increase the efficiency of referral for bone mineral density (BMD) testing. There are few studies about the epidemiology of osteoporosis in Egypt, in addition, there was no study done before to evaluate the performance of these seven screening tools in a large sample size. This aims to help clinicians restrict the use of DXA scan for those patients defined as "high risk" for osteoporosis which can substantially reduce the cost for the community and the patients, especially in developing countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 681 elderly women for measurement of BMD using DXA scans. The performance of the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE) was superior to other indices with the highest sensitivity and specificity. The newly modified SCORE tool at cutoff point ≥1 is a simple easy tool and shows good sensitivity (up to 94%) and acceptable specificity (up to 46.7%) in detecting osteoporosis in elderly women with fewer items and easier calculation.

Eating attitudes and barriers to healthy eating and physical activity among a sample of university students in Egypt.

BACKGROUND: More students are concerned about their body shape and have a desire to have a lower BMI. As a consequence, many of them have disordered eating attitudes (DEAs) and engage in unhealthy weight control behaviors. AIM: To measure the frequency of DEAs among Ain Shams University students and to identify the barriers to healthy eating and physical activity among them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done on a sample of 445 students in Ain Shams University from different faculties using a self-reported questionnaire. The weight and height were measured and the BMI was calculated. The eating attitudes were measured using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 questionnaire. RESULTS: The students' age ranged between 17 and 26 years with a mean of 20.3±1.5 years, 40.7% of them were men and 59.3% women. The majority of students (50.8%) had normal BMI, and about 39% were overweight and obese. The frequency of DEAs was 73.3%. There was no significant relation between the presence of DEAs and personal data of students such as age, sex, faculty, and BMI. Lack of time was the most highlighted barrier to both physical activity and healthy eating. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of obesity and DEA that necessitates a lot of efforts to help youth control their body weights and correct unhealthy behaviors by overcoming barriers against healthy behaviors.

New modalities to deliver surfactant in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Surfactant is the principle treatment of respiratory distress syndrome, but the ideal method of its administration remains controversial. The intubation, surfactant administration and extubation (InSurE) method is proven to work but is invasive. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the modalities of surfactant administration. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL (inception to December 2015) for randomized trials comparing new modalities with InSurE method. The primary outcome was mortality and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). RESULTS: We screened 1837 citations and identified five unique trials were included; all were of unclear risk of bias. Four trials (400 infants) compared endotracheal catheters with InSurE, and one trial (70 infants) compared laryngeal masks (LMA) with InSurE. There was no significant difference between using endotracheal catheters compared with InSurE regarding infant mortality (risk ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.57-1.94, 4 trials, 400 patients, p 0.87, I(2) 0%) or BPD (risk ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.43-1.21, 4 trials, 400 patients, p 0.22, I(2) 0%). Adverse events were under-reported. CONCLUSION: The use of endotracheal catheters may provide comparable results to the InSurE method. There is limited evidence on the comparative efficacy of LMA.

Patient safety attitude among health care providers in family health care centers in Cairo governorate.

Two hundred and eighty Health care; physicians, nurses and technicians were included in the study, 133 (47.5) from 6th discrete HCF, 54 (19.3%) from Duwaiqa and 93 (33.2%) from Al Haggana. Ages ranged between 22 and 59 years (35.14 ± 10.13), years of experience in the study group ranged between 1 and 35 years (8.72 ± 8.18) and years of work in group ranged between 1 & 40 years (10.43 ± 8.33). Doctors and nurses were males (72.55%) & females (86%) respectively while technicians were mostly males (60%). The teamwork climate score was 3.98 ± 0.87, 64.0% answered high or very high, 16.4% answered inadequate and 18% had answered few or very few. Safety climate score was 3.61 ± 0.63, 49.28% had high or very high score, 17.14% answered inadequate and 32.15% had answered few or very few. Job satisfaction score was 3.91 ± 0.80, 32.15% had answered few or very few, 17.14% answered inadequate and 49.28% answered high or very high. Stress recognition score was 3.61 ± 0.79, 25% had answered few or very few, 28.6% answered inadequate and 45.7% answered high or very high. Perception of management score was 3.48 ± 0.80, 23.2% had answered few or very few, 17.8% answered inadequate and 57.6% answered high or very high. Working condition score was 3.51 ± 0.84, 46.8% had answered few or very few, 17.1% answered inadequate and 35.7% answered high or very high. A significant difference regarding team work score, safety climate score, perception of management score, working condition score with highest value in doctors and lowest in technicians. On the other hand no significant difference was detected regarding job satisfaction score and stress recognition score. A significant difference regarding team work score, safety climate score and perception of management score with high values among older groups. No significant difference was detected regarding job satisfaction score, stress recognition score and working condition score. Also, a significant difference regarding team work score and safety climate score with higher value in males. Significant difference regarding job satisfaction score and working condition score was detected with higher value in females. No significant difference was detected regarding stress recognition score and perception of management scores.