Adsorption of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution using surface improved tamarind shell as an economical and effective adsorbent.

Antibiotics in water bodies are emerging as an alarming new pollutant because of its persistent and recombinant nature. In recent period of human lifestyle, pharmaceutical products play a vital role in many perspectives. Due to this unpredictable usage of products, the unreacted components release into waterbodies in trace quantities. Eventhough these trace quantities initiate a crisis of developing resistant antibacterial strains which pose health risks to humans and animals. This work reports the batch adsorption of a fluoroquinolone, a fourth-generation antibiotic compound by a biosorbent made by acid-treated tamarind shells. The shells were treated with zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid. The characterization of biosorbent was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The optimized adsorption parameters of time, pH and temperature were 30 minutes, 6 and 60 °C. The adsorbent can be reused up to seven times with negligible loss in its adsorption capacity. Adsorption followed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin model where used to determine the correlation coefficient. Pseudo first-order, second-order and intra-particle kinetic model were used to fit the experimental data. The results are best described by pseudo second-order denoting chemisorption and Freundlich isotherm model describing multilayer adsorption.Novelty StatementThe proposed work is to investigate about improved tamarind shell as biomass used in the removal unreacted PPCP components that have been released into aquatic environment.The novelty of this paper lies in that it puts forward a better resource utilization method for treating PPCP component wastewater, and studies the method theoretically from the perspective of mechanism and proves its feasibility.Identifying the maximum adsorption of antibiotic component from wastewater under different conditions and finding the optimum range.In addition to the existing literatures, this study has compared the adsorption efficiency of raw and treated adsorbent material prepared using Tamarind shell.

Biosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Turbinaria ornata and its cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells.

Graphene-based nanomaterials are gaining importance in biomedicine because of their large surface areas, solubility, and biocompatibility. Green synthesis is the most economical method for application, as it is rapid and sustainable. Biofunctionalized reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) nanosheets were synthesized using methanol extract of Turbinaria ornata, and bioreduction of graphene oxide was primarily confirmed and characterized using UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and further characterized by zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy. The FTIR spectra of TrGO showed a decrease in the band intensities of oxygen groups, thus confirming effective deoxygenation. The zeta potential value of -34.6 mV revealed that synthesized TrGO was highly stable. The cytotoxic effect of TrGO against MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells was ascertained using MTT assay, showed a greater cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells. The IC50 of TrGO treatment against MCF-7 was calculated to be 31.25 µg, which is onefold lower than the cytotoxic effect of methanolic extract of T. ornata (60.0 ± 1.14 µg/ml). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in cell viability between MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells in the treatment of TrGO. Hence, this study results in an efficient green reductant for producing rGO nanosheets that possess cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells.

De novo assembly and annotation of the whole genomic analysis of Vibrio campbellii RT-1 strain, from infected shrimp: Litopenaeus vannamei.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to sequence the whole genome of Vibrio campbellii RT-1 strain. METHODS: V. campbellii strain was isolated from an infected shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei collected from aquaculture ponds, India (12.1899° N, 79.9249° E). The whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform and assembled de novo using SPAdes and Velvet optimiser. Furthermore, the gene prediction and annotation were performed by a rapid prokaryotic genome tool-Prokka. RESULTS: The genome of V. campbellii RT-1 strain has one circular chromosome with 6327218 bp long. V. campbellii RT-1 strain contains 5787 predicted genes with an average of 45% GC content. A total of 86 known genes associated with pathogenicity were identified and 28 genes were found to be responsible for virulence factors. Furthermore, 1112 unigenes were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and 4895 predicted proteins were annotated with Clusters of orthologous (COGs) functional groups. CONCLUSIONS: The phylogenetic position of V. campbellii RT-1 strain was established through whole genome sequencing and genomic tools which provides a strong platform to further study on genomic alterations and phenotype of V. campbellii.

Silver nanoparticles with anti microfouling effect: a study against marine biofilm forming bacteria.

Marine biofilms are the preliminary entities due to attachment of bacteria on surfaces immersed in seawater and aggregated in a hydrated polymeric matrix. Such biofilms or microfouling play a major role in the succession of marine biofouling which attracts the larvae of barnacles, mussels and other sessile invertebrates. Different approaches have been used to prevent micro and macrofouling on marine industrial settings. Silver nanoparticles are renowned for their influential antimicrobial activity. On this back drop the present work is focused on the effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against marine biofilm forming bacterial species. Aspects such as circular zone of inhibition, quantification of biofilm formation and bacterial growth were assessed for bacterial species isolated from the marine biofilm in the presence and sabsence of silver nanoparticles. The size of the circular zone formation was directly proportional to the concentration of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles that reflected the antimicrobial effect. The crystal violet staining on biofilm formation and its optical density revealed the effect on biofilm inhibition. The growth of bacteria in the presence and absence of silver nanoparticles concluded the bactericidal ability of the silver nanoparticles. However, further research is required to examine these factors.