[Immunity parameters in children with prior intrathoracic tuberculosis]. / Pokazateli immuniteta u detei, perenesshikh vnutrigrudnoi tuberkulez.

Fifty-four children who had experienced intrathoracic tuberculosis were clinically and immunologically studied 3-10 years following chemotherapy. The count of T cells and their functional activity were found to be normal in 90.7% of children. Tuberculosis antibodies were identified in 62% of children, which suggests only long preserved specific sensitization. The tuberculosis antigen titer 1:16 was detected in 5.5% of children with residual changes, which generates the necessity of examining such children for a latent active process.

[Effectiveness of immunodiagnosis of drug intolerance in adolescents having tuberculosis and concomitant diseases]. / Effektivnost' immunodiagnostiki lekarstvennoí neperenosimosti u podrostkov, bol'nykh tuberkulezom i imeiushchikh soputstvuiushchie zabolevaniia.

Fifty seven adolescents having tuberculosis and clinical signs of drug intolerance were examined by immunological tests (thermistometry and blast-transformation reaction in 20 and 37 patients, respectively). Of them 30 patients had concomitant diseases. Patients with concurrent abnormalities require laboratory evidence for drug intolerance. Of all negative tests, they were more common in patients with concomitant abnormalities (65.5%), but they amounted to 34.5% in those without concomitant abnormalities. There was a similarity of the clinical symptomatology of intolerance with negative immunological responses to the exacerbation or increased symptoms of concomitant diseases.

[The activity of immunocompetent cells and macrophages in pulmonary sarcoidosis (in comparison to tuberculosis)]. / Aktivnost' immunokompetentnykh kletok i makrofagov pri sarkoidoze legkikh (v sravnenii s tuberkulezom).

Composition of immunocompetent cells and production of cytokins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and PNO) by stimulated and nonstimulated cells of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were evaluated in 35 and 25 sarcoidosis and tuberculosis patients, respectively. Comparable differences were recorded in concentration of T-cells and T-helpers versus BAL in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis as well as in intensity of cytokin production by mononuclears obtained from various sources.

[The immunomodulating action of cyclosporin A in vitro and in vivo on the lymphocytes of patients with alveolitis]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie tsiklosporina A in vitro i in vivo na limfotsity bol'nykh al'veolitami.

The paper presents the first results of using cyclosporin A (CsA) to treat lymphocytes during their extracorporeal immunomodulation (EIL) in patient with fibrotic alveolitis of various etiology. Two-hour lymphocytic incubation in the medium containing 0.1-10 micrograms per ml of CsA was sufficient for CsA to show its in vitro immunosuppressive effect, which resulted in a substantial inhibition of a proliferative lymphocytic response to mitogens and antigens. Administration of CsA-treated lymphocytes induced no profound structural changes in lymphocytic subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD8), but it was followed by a reduction in the baseline high proliferative lymphocytic response to PHA. The clinical effect, alveolitis alleviation was noted in all patients. It is suggested that clinical effects may be produced by a local concentration of the treated lymphocytes and their transferred CsA as well.

[Immune system in children with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Sostoianie immuniteta u detei s vyrazhennymi formami vnutrigrudnogo tuberkulëza.

T- and B- cell immunity, levels of antituberculous antibodies, M. tuberculosis antigens and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were studied in 61 children with clinical manifestations of intrathoracic tuberculosis. T-cell immunity was subnormal in 39.5% of the examinees. Moderate inhibition of this immunity occurred in 14%. 46.5% of the examinees had normal T-cell immunity. B-lymphocyte count, IgG levels were normal, whereas IgA and IgM were low and elevated, respectively. T-cell immunity appeared the weakest in children with more advanced disease. Acute tuberculosis was associated with more frequent occurrence of CIC, antituberculous antibodies, tuberculous antigen. Administration of sodium nucleinate promoted normalization of T-cell immunity in the above patients. If they had antituberculous antibodies, antigens and CIC 2.5-12 months after chemotherapy, this indicated the persistence of the process activity and required continuation and perfection of chemotherapy.

[Use of bronchovaxom in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. / Primenenie bronkhovaksoma v lechenii bol'nykh j khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom i bronkhial'noi astmoi.

Polyvalent vaccine bronchovaxom (BV) was studied for efficacy against chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma exacerbation. Good results were reported: reduction of disability duration, number of recurrences, cough intensity, discharged sputum. Laboratory tests discovered that BV brought about IgE decrease, IgA, T3, T4/T8 increase in bronchoalveolar lavage.

[Cytokines in tuberculosis]. / Tsitokiny pri tuberkuleze.

The paper presents the data available in the literature and the authors' own findings concerning the production of cytokines, such as interleukins 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, interferons and tumor necrosis factor, in patients with different stages of tuberculosis. A relationship between the production rate of some cytokines and the stage of the disease, the extent of the process, chemotherapeutical efficiency and other clinically important factors is discussed. The prospects of further investigations in this area are dealt with.

[Cytokines in immunopathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Tsitokiny v immunopatogeneze tuberkuleza legkikh.

Production of IL-1, IL-2, gamma-interferon and PNO was measured in 46 patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Cytokins quantitation was conducted biologically, using radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay in supernatants of cellular structures (blood lymphocytes). There were high levels of IL-1 and PNO, reduced production of IL-2 and gamma-IFN by stimulated blood mononuclears. In effective chemotherapy (3-4 months) production of IL-1 tented to a decline, while that of IL-2 and gamma-IFN went up.

[Phenotypic and functional analysis of blood lymphocytes and pathological focus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Fenotipicheskii i funktsional'nyi analiz limfotsitov krovi i patologicheskogo ochaga u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

A subpopulation study of lymphocytes concentrating in cavernous, lymph node tissues and blood from patients with fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis of the lungs showed that in spite of high CD3+ and CD4+ cell levels in the cavern, the response of these cells to mitogens may be weaker than blood lymphocyte response. IL-2 production by cavern lymphocytes varied and was unrelated to proliferative response of these cells to M. tuberculosis antigens.

[Immunologic and non-specific reactivity in patients with chronic suppurative obstructive bronchitis and its effect on the course of disease]. / Immunologicheskaia i nespetsificheskaia reaktivnost bolnykh khronicheskim gnoino-obstruktivnym bronkhitom i eë vliianie na techenie zabolevaniia.

A total of 32 patients with aggravated chronic pyo-obstructive bronchitis were studied. Various immunological disorders and impaired non-specific responsiveness were detected in this group of patients. With this, abnormal T cellular immunity (reduced T cell counts at the expense of T helpers and their reaction to PGA) was the leading T cell immunity disorder. In the presence of the available immunity abnormalities, responses to inflammation (B-systems) and non-specific responsiveness were less pronounced. During treatment, the patients without substantial immunity disorders had normalized parameters of immunity and non-specific responsiveness, whereas the patients displayed this. The clinical efficacy of treatment was higher in patients without significant abnormalities in immunity and non-specific responsiveness.

[Changes of immune and non-specific reactivity in patients with chronic suppurative obstructive bronchitis in comprehensive treatment with thymogen]. / Izmeneniia immunologicheskoi i nespetsificheskoi reaktivnosti u bolnykh khronicheskim gnoino-obstruktivnym bronkhitom pri kompleksnom lechenii s primeneniem timogena.

A total of 33 patients with chronic pyoobstructive bronchitis with immunological disorders (of T-cell and other links) and nonspecific responsiveness. The use of thymogen in multi-modality treatment contributed to normalization of T-cell immunity (increases in E-rosette formation, responses of blast cell transformation to phytohemagglutinin, Tx/Tc ratio), as well as nonspecific responsiveness parameters (C3c, NBT-test, natural killers), resulting in higher clinical efficacy.

[Immunocorrection in the combined treatment of patients with osteomyelitis developing following combined injuries to the maxillofacial and craniocerebral areas]. / Immunokorrektsiia v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh s osteomielitom, razvivshimsia posle sochetannykh povrezhdenii cheliustno-litsevoi i cherepno-mozgovoi oblastei.

Twenty-one of the forty-two patients with osteomyelitis developing after a combined maxillofacial and craniocerebral injury were administered thymogen, an immunocorrective drug, as a component of combined therapy; immunologic indications for the prescription of such an agent were present in all these patients. Depressed T-cellular immunity was the principal disorder of the immunologic reactivity of this patient population; they also developed elevated counts of NK cells and increased interleukin synthesis by the macrophages, this reflecting a high activity of inflammation. Thymogen therapy was conducive to normalization of the immunologic and nonspecific reactivity and enhanced the treatment efficacy on the whole.

[Effect of acute respiratory viral infection on the indicators of immunity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Vliianie ostroi respiratornoi virusnoi infektsii na pokazateli immuniteta u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

To study the impact of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) on the course of pulmonary tuberculosis, 150 cases with this condition were under observation. These patients were divided into 2 groups: 88 subjects who had ARVI and 62 persons who did not have it, being in hospital. In the both groups those suffering from infiltrative and focal pulmonary tuberculosis were predominant. ARVI is conducive to the aggravation of a specific process in the lungs, which was registered in 27.3% of the cases who had had ARVI, and impede the reactions of cellular immunity to restore, which can be observed during chemotherapy. Among those who had ARVI, 68.4% of the patients demonstrated a decrease in T-cells and blast transformation with PHA. A significant drop in the number of T-lymphocytes and their functional activity, as a consequence of ARVI, promotes the deterioration of the above specific process. ARVI affects the efficacy of the in-patient treatment and decreases the proportion of patients with cavity closure.

[Circulating immune complexes and mycobacterial antigens in the blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. / Tsirkuliruiushchie immunnye kompleksy i mikobakterial'nye antigeny v krovi bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of patients with fibrocavernous tuberculosis and infiltrative tuberculosis has been found to be correlated with the dissociation and level of mycobacterial antigens contained in CIC. Successful chemotherapy results in the normalization of all the characteristics under study.

[Effect of a specific alloantiserum against T-suppressor cells on the resistance of mice to tuberculosis]. / Vliianie spetsificheskoi alloantisyvorotki protiv T-suppressorov na soprotivliaemost' myshei k tuberkuleznoi infektsii.

Mouse alloantiserum obtained by immunization of/DBA/2X XB10. A (3R)/F1 hybrids with thymic lymphocytes stimulated with Con A of B10.A(%) mice (anti-I-Jk) was tested in the microcytotoxic assay and in functional test of the survival of mice infected with tuberculosis. Serum was found to react with population of the cells from the lymph nodes of A/Sh, A2G, B10.AKM, and A.TL (I-Jk) mice, and was not active with B10.HTT (I-Js), B10 (I-Jb), B10,D2 (R107) (I-Jb), B6-H-2bm3 (I-Jb). Administration of the antiserum to mice infected with tuberculosis made the survival of the I-Jk-bearing strains significantly longer.