A Case Report of a Rare Pediatric Brain Tumor: Congenital Glioblastoma.

Congenital brain tumors are extremely rare; even with advances in prenatal imaging tests, it is still uncommon. Congenital glioblastoma (GBM) is a rare childhood tumor. With less than 50 cases described in the literature, it corresponds to less than 2% of tumors in children under two months of life. Moreover, it has a markedly poor prognosis due to the risk of intracranial hemorrhage, especially during surgical resection. This study reports the case of a 20-day-old asymptomatic child who presented with increased head circumference during a pediatric routine check-up. A transfontanellar ultrasound was performed, exhibiting hydrocephalus, large parenchymal hemorrhage, and expansive formation. Magnetic resonance imaging pointed to a massive infiltrative lesion, with heterogeneous enhancement, delimiting central areas of necrosis with hematic material inside, associated with a compressive effect on the adjacent parenchyma. Additional histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and DNA methylation test confirmed the diagnosis of GBM. The patient was submitted to surgical intervention and chemotherapy, achieving a 26-month-old survival by the time this study was written.

Anatomical implications of posterior cephaloceles in the dural venous sinuses.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the venous anatomy of the dural sinuses of patients with posterior encephaloceles, in order to formulate anatomical patterns which can ensure safer surgery. METHODS: This is a retrospective study, analyzing eight patients diagnosed with posterior encephalocele throughout 1 year. RESULTS: Eight patients with cephaloceles were evaluated in our study from January 2017 to January 2018. The most common alteration was dysgenesis of the straight sinus (n = 7), followed by venous anomalies in the encephalocele and alterations in the SSS (superior sagittal sinus) (n = 4), and the occurrence of a falcine sinus (FC) in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Anatomical variations are frequent in patients with cephaloceles. Therefore, an understanding of them is necessary for safe and effective treatment.

What are the most frequent diagnoses in adolescence? The reality of an Adolescent Medicine Clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the care flow and the primary diagnoses of an Adolescent Medicine Clinic. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study, with analysis of clinical processes of adolescents (10-18 years) seen at the Adolescent Medicine Clinic, from January 2006 to December 2013. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, number of visits, referring service and primary diagnoses according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. As to the variable age, the adolescents were divided into two groups: Group I comprised those aged 10-14 years, and Group II, 15-18 years. RESULTS: A total of 7,692 visits were carried out, in that, 1,659 first visits (22%), with an annual growth rate of 6%. The mean age was 14.2 years, and 55% of patients were female. The group of endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases was the most representative in our sample (34%), with obesity being the most frequent diagnosis in both sexes and age groups (23%), with a higher prevalence in males (13% male versus 10% female, p<0.001) and younger adolescents (18% in Group I versus 5% in Group II p<0.001). The group of mental and behavioral disorders was the second most prevalent (32%), affecting mainly females (39% female versus 22% male, p<0.001) and the older age group (39% Group II versus 27% Group I, p<0.001). Social problems were the primary diagnosis in 8% of visits. CONCLUSION: Most diseases diagnosed have a strong behavioral and social component, particularly mental disorders and obesity. This specific type of diagnoses reinforces the need for a global approach for adolescents and specialized adolescent medicine units/clinics.

What are the most frequent diagnoses in adolescence? The reality of an Adolescent Medicine Clinic / Quais os diagnósticos mais frequentes na adolescência? A realidade de uma consulta de Medicina do Adolescente

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the care flow and the primary diagnoses of an Adolescent Medicine Clinic. Methods A retrospective descriptive study, with analysis of clinical processes of adolescents (10-18 years) seen at the Adolescent Medicine Clinic, from January 2006 to December 2013. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, number of visits, referring service and primary diagnoses according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. As to the variable age, the adolescents were divided into two groups: Group I comprised those aged 10-14 years, and Group II, 15-18 years. Results A total of 7,692 visits were carried out, in that, 1,659 first visits (22%), with an annual growth rate of 6%. The mean age was 14.2 years, and 55% of patients were female. The group of endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases was the most representative in our sample (34%), with obesity being the most frequent diagnosis in both sexes and age groups (23%), with a higher prevalence in males (13% male versus 10% female, p<0.001) and younger adolescents (18% in Group I versus 5% in Group II p<0.001). The group of mental and behavioral disorders was the second most prevalent (32%), affecting mainly females (39% female versus 22% male, p<0.001) and the older age group (39% Group II versus 27% Group I, p<0.001). Social problems were the primary diagnosis in 8% of visits. Conclusion Most diseases diagnosed have a strong behavioral and social component, particularly mental disorders and obesity. This specific type of diagnoses reinforces the need for a global approach for adolescents and specialized adolescent medicine units/clinics.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o movimento assistencial e conhecer os diagnósticos principais de uma consulta de Medicina do Adolescente. Métodos Estudo descritivo retrospectivo, com análise dos processos clínicos dos adolescentes (10 a 18 anos) seguidos na consulta de Medicina do Adolescente, de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2013. Foram analisadas as variáveis: sexo, idade, número de consultas, entidade que referenciou e diagnósticos principais, de acordo com a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados com a Saúde. Com relação à variável idade, os adolescentes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I, que incluiu adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos, e Grupo II, que incluiu aqueles com 15 aos 18 anos. Resultados Realizaram-se 7.692 consultas, sendo 1.659 (22%) primeiras consultas, com taxa de crescimento anual de 6%. A média de idade foi de 14,2 anos, com 55% do sexo feminino. O grupo das doenças endócrinas, nutricionais e metabólicas foi o mais representativo da amostra (34%), sendo a obesidade o diagnóstico mais frequente em ambos os sexos e grupos etários (23%), com maior prevalência nos rapazes (13% homens versus 10% mulheres; p<0,001) e nos adolescentes mais jovens (18% do Grupo I versus 5% do Grupo II; p<0,001). O grupo dos transtornos mentais e do comportamento foi o segundo mais prevalente (32%), afetando principalmente as adolescentes (39% mulheres versus 22% homens; p<0,001) e o grupo etário mais velho (39% do Grupo II versus 27% do Grupo I; p<0,001). Problemas sociais constituíram o principal diagnóstico em 8% das consultas. Conclusão A maioria das patologias diagnosticadas tem forte componente comportamental e social, com destaque para as doenças mentais e a obesidade. Esta tipologia específica de diagnósticos evidencia a necessidade de uma abordagem global do adolescente e de unidades/consultas especializadas nesta faixa etária.