ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, la Estrategia Nacional de Control del Cáncer recomienda contextualizar las guías clínicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento a las condiciones específicas de cada provincia e institución sanitaria. Objetivo: Describir la metodología para la elaboración de la guía de diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón en Villa Clara. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la Biblioteca Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas y en la base de datos PubMed, en el periodo de 2007-2017. Se consultaron, además, las principales guías nacionales e internacionales relacionadas con el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón. Se utilizó el consenso de expertos como sistemática de trabajo para la elaboración y validación de la guía. Resultados: Se estructuró un documento final en seis apartados (estadísticas de cáncer de pulmón, prevención y epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento, seguimiento, conducta en la recidiva local y progresión de la enfermedad); con anexos relacionados con la pesquisa, descripción clínica, esquemas de tratamiento, instrumentos de calidad de vida e indicadores. La guía se encuentra implementada en hospitales y policlínicos de la provincia, desde el año 2013, y fue actualizada en 2017. Conclusiones: Esta guía fomenta la valoración multidisciplinaria de los pacientes, orienta a la Atención Primaria de Salud en la aplicación del algoritmo para la atención integral a los enfermos y el desarrollo de los ensayos clínicos con inmunoterapias, e incorpora indicadores de evaluación de desempeño en la red de atención médica.
ABSTRACT Introduction: the National Cancer Control Strategy, in Cuba, recommends contextualizing clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the specific conditions in each health institution and province. Objective: to describe the methodology for the preparation of a diagnosis and treatment guideline for lung cancer in Villa Clara. Methods: a bibliographic search was carried out in the Cochrane Library of systematic reviews and in PubMed database, in 2007-2017. The main national and international guidelines related to the treatment of lung cancer were also consulted. The consensus of experts was used as a work system for the guideline preparation and validation. Results: a final document was structured in six sections (lung cancer statistics, prevention and epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment, follow-up, conduct in local recurrence and disease progression); with annexes related to the research, clinical description, treatment schemes, quality of life instruments and indicators. The guideline has been implemented in hospitals and polyclinics in the province since 2013, and was updated in 2017. Conclusions: this guideline promotes the multidisciplinary assessment of patients, guides Primary Health Care in the application of the algorithm for comprehensive care of patients and the development of clinical trials with immunotherapies, as well as incorporates performance evaluation indicators in the health care network.
Subject(s)
Guidelines as Topic/standards , Lung NeoplasmsABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has called attention to the contribution of comorbidities, including cancer and brought additional challenges to previously existing programs for cancer treatment and control. The COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba was addressed through an integrated all-society action plan that to date has been largely successful with a low incidence of COVID-19 and mortality rates several-fold lower than worldwide averages. Despite downsizing many other health components all oncology services were maintained. Between March 11, when the first case was detected, until July 23, Cuba reported 2,449 cases of COVID-19 that included 28 (1.14%) with a diagnosis of cancer. Distribution among cancer diagnoses did not deviate from that expected according to cancer epidemiology in Cuba. However, although the probability of getting infected with the coronavirus for a cancer patient (0.012%), was not higher than that of the general population (0.020%), 9 of the 28 (32.1%) died, a lethality higher than that of COVID-19 patients without cancer (3.5%) a difference that is statistically significant (P< .001). We argue that going forward scientific research on the relationship of aging, inflammation and cancer, including identification of biomarkers and the development of novel therapeutic interventions, should become one of the priorities in the post-COVID agenda of both oncologists and infectious disease scientists.
