Concomitant Light-Reversible Magnetic Response in Multiferroic Oxide Heterostructures for Multiphysics Applications.

The concept of multiphysics, where materials respond to diverse external stimuli, such as magnetic fields, electric fields, light irradiation, stress, heat, and chemical reactions, plays a fundamental role in the development of innovative devices. Nanomanufacturing, especially in low-dimensional systems, enhances the synergistic interactions taking place on the nanoscale. Light-matter interaction, rather than electric fields, holds great promise for achieving low-power, wireless control over magnetism, solving two major technological problems: the feasibility of electrical contacts at smaller scales and the undesired heating of the devices. Here, we shed light on the remarkable reversible modulation of magnetism using visible light in epitaxial Fe3O4/BaTiO3 heterostructure. This achievement is underpinned by the convergence of two distinct mechanisms. First, the magnetoelastic effect, triggered by ferroelectric domain switching, induces a proportional change in coercivity and remanence upon laser illumination. Second, light-matter interaction induces charged ferroelectric domain walls' electrostatic decompensations, acting intimately on the magnetization of the epitaxial Fe3O4 film by magnetoelectric coupling. Crucially, our experimental results vividly illustrate the capability to manipulate magnetic properties using visible light. This concomitant mechanism provides a promising avenue for low-intensity visible-light manipulation of magnetism, offering potential applications in multiferroic devices.

Short mindfulness meditation training: does it really reduce perceived stress?

To study whether an 8-week mindfulness meditation training program truly reduces perceived stress without designing a stress reduction program. An experimental study was performed in which we studied the effects of 8 weeks of MM training on attention and awareness, as measured by the MAAS (mindfulness attention awareness scale) and perceived stress, as measured by the PSQ (perceived stress questionnaire), in 80 volunteers from the general public recruited by email from university centers. An increase in the individual's dispositional capacity to be attentive and aware of the experience of the present moment in everyday life was observed in the experimental group versus the control group; F (2, 156) = 14.30, p = .000, η2 partial = .155. Perceived stress showed no significant differences between groups in: social acceptance; F (2, 156) = 2.30, p = .103, overload; F (2, 156) = 2.32, p = .101, irritability, tension and fatigue; F (2, 156) = 2.27, p = .106, energy and joy; F (2, 156) = 2.79, p = .065. MM practice for 8 weeks of training increases the individual's dispositional capacity to be attentive and aware of the experience of the present moment in everyday life but may not reduce perceived stress.

Single alloy nanoparticle x-ray imaging during a catalytic reaction.

The imaging of active nanoparticles represents a milestone in decoding heterogeneous catalysts' dynamics. We report the facet-resolved, surface strain state of a single PtRh alloy nanoparticle on SrTiO3 determined by coherent x-ray diffraction imaging under catalytic reaction conditions. Density functional theory calculations allow us to correlate the facet surface strain state to its reaction environment­dependent chemical composition. We find that the initially Pt-terminated nanoparticle surface gets Rh-enriched under CO oxidation reaction conditions. The local composition is facet orientation dependent, and the Rh enrichment is nonreversible under subsequent CO reduction. Tracking facet-resolved strain and composition under operando conditions is crucial for a rational design of more efficient heterogeneous catalysts with tailored activity, selectivity, and lifetime.

La Adherencia al Entrenamiento en Meditación Mindfulness con Registro en Papel y en Aplicación Móvil / The influence of different monitoring means on the adherence to mindfulness meditation practice

Los efectos beneficiosos de la meditación mindfulness (MM) se han observado en numerosos estudios, pudiendo ser la atención y conciencia en el momento presente una variable esencial. Sin embargo, la adherencia al entrenamiento de la práctica meditativa es en ocasiones baja. Se investigaron los efectos del entrenamiento en MM sobre la atención y conciencia y si el formato de registro de la práctica de MM, formato papel (PP) (n = 27) o aplicación móvil (APP) (n = 21), produce diferencias en la adherencia al entrenamiento y en la atención y conciencia. Los resultados mostraron un aumento de la atención y conciencia tras el entrenamiento, independientemente del formato de registro de la práctica. La APP redujo el abandono al entrenamiento y aumentó el tiempo de práctica de MM cada día que se practicó

Beneficial effects of mindfulness meditation (MM) have been observed in many studies, with attention to and awareness of the present moment possibly representing an essential variable. However, adhering to the meditation regimes is poor at times. As such, the effects of MM training on attention and awareness were examined here, and whether the means of recording the practice of MM - using paper (PP, n = 27) or through a mobile phone application (APP, n = 21) - produced any differences in terms of adherence to the training, or in attention and awareness. The results demonstrate that training enhances attention and awareness, irrespective of the format with which it was recorded. The APP reduced the rate of withdrawal from the training and it increased the time dedicated to the practice of MM each day

Terapia autógena: técnicas, fundamentos, aplicaciones en la salud y clínica y apoyo empírico / Autogenic therapy: techniques, foundations, health and clinical applications, and empirical support

La terapia autógena se origina en el entrenamiento autógeno de Schultz y en su desarrollo incorpora diferentes métodos terapéuticos de orientación psicofisiológica creados para promover procesos cerebrales homeostáticos autorregulatorios. Los objetivos de este artículo son describir y analizar los diferentes métodos autógenos, los procesos psicofisiológicos y neurofisiológicos implicados y sus aplicaciones eficaces en la salud y la clínica. Para ello, además de revisar los primeros trabajos de Schultz y Luthe, se ha hecho una búsqueda electrónica de estudios para encontrar contribuciones relevantes sobre estos temas. Los resultados muestran un gran desarrollo de los métodos autógenos hasta los años 80, con una ingente cantidad de aplicaciones y estudios sobre los cambios psicofisiológicos y neurofisiológicos concomitantes. Sin embargo, su expansión durante los últimos 25 años ha sido mucho menor en comparación con métodos como el mindfulness o la hipnosis. Se discuten posibles causas y se plantean retos futuros para la terapia autógena

Autogenic therapy emerges from the "autogenic training" method created by Schultz, and its development incorporates different therapeutic methods based on a psychophysiological approach. All these methods promote homeostatic self-regulatory brain processes. The aims of this paper are to describe and analyse the autogenic methods, the psychophysiological and neurophysiological processes involved, and their effective applications in both health and clinical fields. For these purposes, beside reviewing the earlier work by Schultz and Luthe, an electronic search of literature was conducted in order to find relevant contributions on these topics. Results show a big development of autogenic methods until the 80s, with an enormous amount of applications and studies on the psychophysiological and neurophysiological changes related to the practice of autogenic training. However, their expansion during the last 25 years has been much lower in comparison with other methods such as mindfulness and hypnosis. Possible causes are discussed and new challenges are suggested

Antiferromagnetic FeMn alloys electrodeposited from chloride-based electrolytes.

The capability of synthesizing Fe-based antiferromagnetic metal alloys would fuel the use of electrodeposition in the design of new magnetic devices such as high-aspect-ratio spin valves or new nanostructured hard magnetic composites. Here we report the synthesis of high quality antiferromagnetic FeMn alloys electrodeposited from chloride-based electrolytes. We have found that in order to grow homogeneous FeMn films it is necessary to incorporate a large concentration of NH4Cl as an additive in the electrolyte. The study of the structure and magnetic properties shows that films with composition close to Fe50Mn50 are homogeneous antiferromagnetic alloys. We have established a parameter window for the synthesis of FeMn alloys that show antiferromagnetism at room temperature.

Dependency, detachment and psychopathology in a nonclinical sample: General relations and gender differences. Is there a new line of inquiry on paranoid pathology? / / Dependencia, desapego y psicopatología en una muestra no clínica: relaciones generales y diferencias de género. ¿Hay una nueva línea de investigación de la patología paranoide?

In this study, both Bornstein's Relationship Profile Test (RPT) and Derogatis’ Symptom Ckeck List (SCL-90-R) were administered to a nonclinical sample of 119 subjects from Madrid (Spain). Healthy dependency, dysfunctional detachment and destructive overdependence (RPT subscales) were evaluated and correlated with SCL-90-R symptom dimensions. Destructive overdependence correlated positively with every SCL-90-R psychopathology dimension. On the contrary, healthy dependency correlated negatively with all these SCL- 90-R dimensions. Gender differences were significant with regard to the correlation between dysfunctional detachment and paranoid ideation. In women dysfunctional detachment correlated positively with paranoid ideation, whereas in men the resultant correlation was negative and not significant. This gender difference in the relationship between dysfunctional detachment and paranoid ideation may suggest a new line of inquiry on paranoid pathology. Besides, the study explores the SCL-90-R psychopathology scores of several clusters of individuals with different profiles of dependency-detachment obtained from the RPT subscale scores

En este estudio, se administraron tanto el Test del Perfil de la Relación de Bornstein (RPT) como el cuestionario de 90 síntomas de Derogatis (SCl-90-R) a una muestra no clínica de 119 sujetos de Madrid. La dependencia saludable, el desapego disfuncional y la sobre dependencia destructiva (subescalas del RPT)fueron evaluadas y correlacionadas con las dimensiones de psicopatología del SCL-90- R. La sobre dependencia destructiva correlacionó positivamente con todas las dimensiones de psicopatología. Por el contrario, la dependencia saludable correlacionó negativamente con todas estas dimensiones de psicopatología. Se han encontrado diferencias de género con respecto a la correlación entre el desapego disfuncional y la ideación paranoide. En las mujeres, el desapego disfuncional correlacionó positivamente con al ideación paranoide, mientras que en los hombres esta correlación fue negativa y no significativa. Estas diferencias de género en la relación entre el desapego disfuncional y la ideación paranoide sugieren una nueva línea de investigación sobre la patología paranoide. Se exploran además las puntuaciones de psicopatología del SCL-90-R en diferentes grupos de individuos con diferentes perfiles de dependencia desapego, a partir de las puntuaciones del Test del Perfil de Relación

La medición de síntomas psicológicos y psicosomáticos: el Listado de Síntomas Breve (LSB-50) / Measuring psychological and psychosomatic symptoms: The Brief Symptom Check List (BSL-50)

El Listado de Síntomas Breve (LSB-50) es un instrumento de evaluación psicopatológica utilizado para el despistaje de síntomas psicológicos y psicosomáticos. El LSB-50 contiene nueve escalas y subescalas clínicas, a las que se ha añadido un índice de riesgo psicopatológico, tres índices globales y dos escalas de validez. El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento. Se ha empleado una muestra de 1.242 sujetos, 790 pertenecientes a la población general y 452 a muestras clínicas. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna alfa de las escalas oscilan entre .79 y .90, mientras que los estudios de validez tanto factorial como criterial (correlación con variables de dependencia y vínculo interpersonal y análisis discriminantes) aportan evidencias de validez de la prueba. Se plantea la discusión sobre la utilidad de los cuestionarios de síntomas para el diagnóstico psicopatológico y posibles implicaciones en las conceptualizaciones de los síndromes clínicos psicopatológicos

The Brief Symptom Check List (LSB-50) is an instrument for psychopathological assessment used for the screening of both psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. The LSB-50 defines nine clinical scales and subscales, as well as an index of psychopathological risk, three global indexes and two validity scales. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the LSB-50 for psychopathological assessment. The material consisted of data from 1,242 subjects, who filled out the LSB-50; 790 subjects belonged to non-clinical samples, and the rest of them, 452, belonged to clinical samples. Reliability analysis obtained alpha coefficients of the nine scales and subscales in a range from .79 to .90. Analyses of both factorial validity and criterion validity (correlation of LSB-50 dimensions with both interpersonal dependency and bonding variables and discriminant analyses), supported significant validity for the instrument. Possible implications on the conceptualization of both psychoreactivity and psychopathological syndromes are discussed

Acoso psicológico en el trabajo y psicopatología: Un estudio con el LIPT-60 y el SCL 90-R / Mobbing and psychopathology: A study with LIPT-60 and SCL 90-R

Los autores revisan los estudios sobre Acoso Psicológico en el Trabajo APT (mobbing o adult bullying) realizados en el Instituto de Psicoterapia e Investigación Psicosomática de Madrid en los últimos 6 años, que incluyen la descripción del Síndrome de Acoso Institucional, la elaboración del LIPT-60, versión expandida y mejorada del Leymann Inventory ofPsychological Terrorization, la determinación del perfil de psicopatología de las víctimas de APT con el SCL90R y de sus relaciones con las dinámicas de acoso y la puesta a punto de un procedimiento terapéutico especifico. Los afectados de acoso en el trabajo presentan psicopatologia significativa, con elevaciones en el total de síntomas y en las dimensiones de somatización, depresión, obsesión-compulsión, hostilidad e ideación paranoide con respecto a la media de la población psiquiátrica. La proporción de solteros en la muestra de APT es notablemente más elevada que en la población general. El nivel socioeconómico correlaciona de manera inversa con el grado de afectación psicopatológica. La relación inversa entre las dimensiones psicopatológicas de ideación paranoide y de sensibilidad interpersonal sugiere que las estrategias de acoso psicológico en el trabajo tienen un efecto paranógeno, independiente de la susceptibilidad interpersonal o de la tendencia a interpretar de manera negativa las actuaciones ajenas (AU)

The authors review their studies on workplace harassment (WPH), mobbing or adult bullying carried out in the Madrid Institute of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Research over the last 6 years. These studies include the description of the Institutional HarassmentSyndrome, the development of the LIPT-60 (an extended and improved version of the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization), the assessment of the psychopathological profile of WPH targets through the SCL90R and their relations with the profile of harassment dimensions, and the development of a specific therapeutic procedure. WPH targets show severe psychopathology on the SCL90R, higher than ambulatory psychiatric patients in the dimensions of somatization, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, hostility and paranoid ideation. Within the same age range, the frequency of single persons is notably higher among WPH victims than in the general population. The socioeconomic level is negatively related with the severity of psychopathology. The dimensions of interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation show negative correlations, which supports our hypothesis of the paranogenic effect of WPH –independently from interpersonal susceptibility and from the tendency to attribute negative interpretations to other people’s behaviour (AU)