Perceived Relationship Between Horizontal Violence and Patient Safety Culture Among Nurses.

Objective: Despite the value of undertaking patient safety culture, its association with horizontal violence in nursing workplace is still understudied. This study aimed to investigate the association between the perceived patient safety culture and its relationship with horizontal violence among nurses working in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used. Nurses working in major governmental hospitals in Jordan were conveniently recruited to complete an online self-administered questionnaire, which included the following tools: Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Negative Behaviours in Healthcare (NBHC) Survey. The survey was designed to measure attitudes and perceptions on patient safety culture at multiple levels of a healthcare organization with ten dimensions. The Negative Behaviours in Healthcare (NBHC) survey was developed as an adaptation of the Lateral Violence in Nursing Survey (LVNS) with 25 items and two open-ended questions. Results: A total of 330 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Nurses moderately perceived patient safety culture (HSOPS mean = 3.5, SD = 1.1). Low incidence of horizontal violence was claimed (mean = 2.1, SD = 1.1). However, it was associated with moderate negative correlation with patient safety culture (r = -0.53, p < 0.001). Regression model revealed that patient safety culture explained an additional 53% of the variance of horizontal violence after controlling the effects of age and length of clinical experience (R-square change: 0.560, SE: 19.7, P: 0.001, CI: 1.21-1.57). Conclusion: Despite its low incidence, patient safety culture was found influential to the horizontal violence based on the perspectives of nurses in Jordan. Patient safety culture can be incorporated with other factors that contribute to the development of horizontal violence in nursing workplace.

Weaning practices of Jordanian mothers: A qualitative study.

Weaning is an essential process to meet the nutritional demand of the growing infant. The aim of this study was to explore the weaning practices used by Jordanian mothers to wean their infants from breastfeeding. A qualitative exploratory approach was used in this study. Six focus group discussions were conducted in three maternal child health centres in Zarqa city, Jordan, with 35 participants, who were selected purposefully. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using the process of thematic analysis. Five major themes emerged; these included 'Reasons for weaning', 'Confusion and challenges experienced with weaning', 'Lack of instructions', 'Methods of weaning' and 'Psychological impact on mothers'. The study showed that weaning infants yielded a set of obstacles while shifting to solid foods. Guilt, fear of complications and lack of self-confidence were emotions that emerged during the weaning process. All mothers complained of a lack of health education regarding weaning of infants. Health education by healthcare providers about weaning practices utilising official weaning guidelines is a highly appreciated and validated approach to help mothers facing challenges associated with weaning. Choosing the appropriate time of weaning, food choices, determining the amount and consistency of food, and dealing with discomfort associated with weaning are issues that must be discussed with mothers by health professionals.

Nurses' experiences of psychosocial care needs of children with thalassaemia and their families in Jordan: A phenomenological study.

AIM: To explore the experiences of Jordanian nurses regarding the psychosocial care needs of children with thalassaemia and their families. DESIGN: A descriptive phenomenological approach was employed. METHODS: A purposive sampling strategy was used to select 10 nurses who had experience in caring for children with thalassaemia. Unstructured, face-to-face interviews were conducted. Coliazzi's data analysis process was applied. RESULTS: The analysis revealed three major themes: (1) valuing psychosocial support; (2) caring for paediatric patients needs certain competencies in nurses and (3) barriers to providing psychosocial care. Nurses expressed the importance of providing psychosocial care. A lack of specialists in psychosocial care as well as a lack of screening tools, and entertainment facilities for children was identified to be impeding effective psychosocial care. Implementing training programmes for nurses concerning providing psychosocial care and making the appropriate changes in nursing curricula at the educational level are recommended.

Experiences of first-line nurse managers during COVID-19: A Jordanian qualitative study.

AIM: The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of Jordanian first-line nurse managers during COVID-19. BACKGROUND: Nurses are exposed to life-threatening occupational risks during COVID-19. Exploring the first-line nurse managers' experiences will help in designing health policies to better deal with such emerging crises. METHODS: A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted. A purposive sample was used to recruit 16 first-line nurse managers from Jordanian hospitals. Semistructured interviews were conducted. Phenomenological data analysis method was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged: (a) unprecedented pressure (first-line nurse managers revealed their suffering with the unprecedented demanding situations during COVID-19 pandemic); (b) strengthening system and resilience (nurse managers employed several strategies to strengthen the health system and enhance resilience); (c) building a supportive team (the presence of a robust supportive system is vital to deal with the pandemic); and (d) maturity during the crisis (exposure to a new experience developed nurse managers management skills and self-awareness). CONCLUSIONS: The unprecedented pressure associated with COVID-19 drained first-line nurse managers physically and psychosocially. Providing adequately trained staff and medical equipment is important to better deal with crises. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Strengthening emergency training and improving emergency response plans of hospitals are essential.