ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although pregnancy and postpartum have long been associated with stroke, there is a dearth of information in Latino-American populations. The aim of this study was to describe the cerebrovascular complications occurring during pregnancy/postpartum and compare the characteristics amongst stroke types occurring in this period in Hispanic women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 240 women with cerebrovascular complications during pregnancy and the first 5 weeks postpartum, from our stroke registry. Patients were classified into three groups: cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), ischaemic stroke (IS), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). For each group, clinical data, timing of the event, and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 240 women, 136 had CVT (56.7%), 64 IS (26.7%), and 40 ICH (16.6%). In 72 women (30%), the event occurred during pregnancy, in 153 (64%) during postpartum, and in 15 (6%) closely related to labor. CVT was more common in the first trimester of pregnancy and in the second and third weeks following delivery; whilst IS and ICH were seen mainly during pregnancy and the first 2 weeks following delivery. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia was more common in patients with ICH (57.5%) and IS (36%) than in those with CVT (9.6%) (P < 0.001). An excellent recovery (modified Rankin Scale: 0-1) was observed amongst women with CVT (64%) and IS (50%) compared to ICH (32%), (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is a frequent risk factor in patients with ICH and IS, but not in CVT. Stroke types clustered different within the pregnancy-postpartum period. A good prognosis is observed in patients with CVT.
Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnosis , Puerperal Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/ethnology , Comorbidity/trends , Female , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/ethnology , Prognosis , Puerperal Disorders/epidemiology , Puerperal Disorders/ethnology , Registries , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/ethnology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of pediatric end stage renal disease patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to develop a subsecuent peritonitis episode caused by an identical Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strain. METHODS: Longitudinal survey carried out in a CAPD center at the nephrology department of a tertiary care (reference) pediatric hospital. At recruitment, swabs were collected from the nares, exit site, and hands, respectively from 29 patients who were followed-up for a mean period of 369 +/- 80 days (range 224-516 days), and from the nares and hands of their mothers. Isolated SA strains were kept in BHI glycerol at -20 degrees C for subsequent analysis. Peritonitis episodes were monitored and registered. When a SA strain was isolated from the dialysate effluent it was compared with the preexisting strain by PFGE. RESULTS: We report 7 SA-mediated peritonitis episodes among 6 patients. Only one of these patients was a previous nasal carrier, and 2 were previous exit site carriers of the same SA strain. The relative risk of developing a peritonitis episode caused by a preexistent SA strain colonizing the exit site was 0.948. The relative risk of developing a peritonitis episode caused by a preexistent SA strain colonizing the nares was 0.525. CONCLUSIONS: SA carriers do not appear to be at higher risk of developing peritonitis by an SA related strain than non-carriers. Our results do not lend support to the recommendation of monitoring nasal or exit site carrier status in CAPD patients. The need of attempting to eradicate SA from nose or exit site is also questioned.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Peritonitis/epidemiology , Peritonitis/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Carrier State , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Nails/microbiology , Nose/microbiology , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de los pacientes pediátricos con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal en programa de diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria (DPCA), portadores de Staphylococcus aureus (SA) en nariz, manos o sitio de salida del catéter, para desarrollar episodio de peritonitis causado por una cepa idéntica. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal en un centro de DPCA perteneciente a un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel. Al ingresar al estudio se tomaron cultivos de las narinas, sitio de salida del catéter y manos, de 29 pacientes vigilados por un periodo promedio de 369 ± 80 días (de 224 a 516 días), y de las narinas y manos de sus madres. Las cepas de SA aisladas se conservaron en glicerol BHI a 20°C para análisis posterior. Los episodios de peritonitis se monitorearon y registraron. Cuando se aisló una cepa de SA del líquido de diálisis efluente se comparó con la previa identificada por electroforesis en gel de campos pulsados. Resultados: Se presentaron siete episodios de peritonitis causados por SA en seis pacientes, uno de los cuales era portador previo de la misma cepa en la nariz y dos en el sitio de salida del catéter. El riesgo relativo de desarrollar un episodio de peritonitis causado por una cepa preexistente localizada en el sitio de salida del catéter fue de 0.948, y de 0.525 por una cepa preexistente localizada en la nariz. Conclusiones: Los portadores de SA no parecen tener riesgo más alto de desarrollar peritonitis causada por una cepa de SA relacionada que los no portadores. No se sustenta la recomendación de monitorear el estado de portador nasal o en el sitio de salida del catéter en los pacientes tratados con DPCA. La conveniencia de erradicar el SA de la nariz o el sitio de salida del catéter también es cuestionable.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of pediatric end stage renal disease patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to develop a subsecuent peritonitis episode caused by an identical Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strain. METHODS: Longitudinal survey carried out in a CAPD center at the nephrology department of a tertiary care (reference) pediatric hospital. At recruitment, swabs were collected from the nares, exit site, and hands, respectively from 29 patients who were followed-up for a mean period of 369 +/- 80 days (range 224-516 days), and from the nares and hands of their mothers. Isolated SA strains were kept in BHI glycerol at -20 degrees C for subsequent analysis. Peritonitis episodes were monitored and registered. When a SA strain was isolated from the dialysate effluent it was compared with the preexisting strain by PFGE. RESULTS: We report 7 SA-mediated peritonitis episodes among 6 patients. Only one of these patients was a previous nasal carrier, and 2 were previous exit site carriers of the same SA strain. The relative risk of developing a peritonitis episode caused by a preexistent SA strain colonizing the exit site was 0.948. The relative risk of developing a peritonitis episode caused by a preexistent SA strain colonizing the nares was 0.525. CONCLUSIONS: SA carriers do not appear to be at higher risk of developing peritonitis by an SA related strain than non-carriers. Our results do not lend support to the recommendation of monitoring nasal or exit site carrier status in CAPD patients. The need of attempting to eradicate SA from nose or exit site is also questioned.
