ABSTRACT
In order to develop a biodegradable pin for diaphyseal femoral fracture fixation, polylactide acid (PLA) pins were implanted in the femoral bone of rats. A distal diaphyseal fracture was performed. Union and tissue reaction to PLA pins versus stainless steel pins was studied after 15 days, and 1, 2 and 6 months of implantation. PLA and stainless steel pins induced the same union and a similar tissue reaction during the 6-month period. Biocompatibility of material was satisfactory.
ABSTRACT
In order to develop a biodegradable interlocking nail for fracture fixation, hydoxylapatite pins and paste were implanted in the femoral bone of rats. A distal fracture was performed. The union and the tissue reaction to hydroxylapatite versus stainless-steel rods were studied after 15 days, 1, 2 and 6 months implantation. Metal pins induced a union. Hydroxylapatite pins (Ossatite) did not prevent callus formation, but did not lead to consolidation in all cases due to weakness of gelatin matrix binding the apatite particles together. The biocompatibility of material is satisfactory and the osteo-inductive properties of hydroxylapatite was confirmed. With injectable Ossatite , we could not obtain rat femoral fracture consolidation. We can confirm good biomaterial tolerance in bone which contrasts with important soft tissue reactions. Use of such material should be carefully limited to filling intra-osseous cavities.
Subject(s)
Bone Nails , Durapatite , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Osteogenesis , Animals , Biocompatible Materials , Bony Callus/pathology , Diaphyses , Femoral Fractures/physiopathology , Fracture Healing , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
In order to develop a biodegradable interlocking nail for fracture fixation, polylactic acid (PLA) pins and hydoxyapatite pins were implanted in the femoral bone in rats. A distal fracture was performed. The union and the tissue reaction to PLA and hydroxyapatite versus stainless steel rods were studied after 15 days, 1, 2 and 6 months implantation. Metal and PLA pins induced a union. Hydroxyapatite pins (Ossatite) did not prevent callus formation, but did not lead to consolidation in all cases because of weakness of the gelatin matrix binding the apatite particles together. PLA and stainless steel pins induced the same union and a similar tissue reaction during the studied implantation of 6 months. The biocompatility of Ossatite is satisfactory and the osteo-inductive properties of hydroxyapatite was confirmed. With injectable Ossatite, we could not obtain rat femoral fracture consolidation. We can confirm good biomaterial tolerance in bone which contrasts with important soft tissue reactions. Use of such material should be carefully limited to filling intra-osseous cavities.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Intestinal intussusception, a medical emergency, is more commonly idiopathic and ileocolic and occurs with higher frequency in children aged 6 months to 2 years. Barium enema confirms the diagnosis and allows its hydrostatic reduction, that is the treatment of choice of this condition. AIM: To report our experience with hydrostatic reduction of intestinal intussusception in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hydrostatic reduction was attempted in 43 children with intestinal intussusception: 20 male, aged 2 to 48 months, that consulted at the Clinical Hospital of the Catholic University in Santiago. RESULTS: Hydrostatic reduction was successful in 33 children (77%) that were discharged from the hospital 24 to 96 hours after the procedure. A partial reduction was achieved in 10 patients (23%) who required surgery and were discharged from the hospital 5 to 8 days after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are similar to those reported abroad and allow the recommendation of hydrostatic reduction as the treatment of choice for intestinal intussusception.
Subject(s)
Hydrostatic Pressure , Intestine, Small , Intussusception/therapy , Barium Sulfate , Child, Preschool , Enema , Female , Humans , Infant , Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging , Intussusception/diagnostic imaging , Male , Radiography , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a common medical emergency in newborns and lactating infants. Ultrasonography (US) is the diagnostic imaging procedure of choice in most centers, leaving the radiological study with barium for those cases in which US is negative and clinical symptoms persist or when other causes of vomiting must be discarded. We report our experience in 67 children (58 male) with suspected HPS. The US findings were consistent with HPS in 45 patients, and the diagnosis was surgically confirmed in all. In the remaining 22 patients with negative US findings, symptoms improved during follow up, with medical treatment. In one patient US was negative for HPS but showed an antral web, that was surgically confirmed. Since there were no false positive or negative results, the specificity and sensitivity of US for HPS diagnosis was 100%. We strongly recommend the use of US in patients with suspected HPS.
Subject(s)
Pyloric Stenosis/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Hypertrophy/diagnostic imaging , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Avascular necrosis of bone (AVNB) is reported in two children after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Preparation therapy for transplantation included cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. Corticosteroids, cyclosporine A, and methotrexate were used for graft-versus-host-disease prophylaxis. The possible role of combination therapy in development of AVNB is discussed, but a direct relationship with single agents was not found. However, an early diagnosis is important to institute conservative treatment and prevent irreversible damage to affected joints. Magnetic resonance imaging was found to be more sensitive than plain radiography in early detection of AVNB.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects , Leukemia/complications , Osteonecrosis/etiology , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Child , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Leukemia/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Osteonecrosis/diagnosis , Whole-Body IrradiationABSTRACT
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is one of the most common causes of abdominal surgery during the first weeks of life. The primary cause of the muscular hypertrophy is unknown and the pathogenesis is obscure. Clinically, vomiting is always present and sometimes there is a palpable pyloric mass (olive). Upper gastrointestinal tract study with barium has been the most usual method for the diagnosis. Since the first report of the use of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of HPS in 1977, this technique has been widely used and accepted, being by now, the diagnostic imaging examination of choice for infants in whom this abnormality is suspected. This is our experience with the use of US in 27 infants with clinically suspected HPS. In 17 cases there was US evidence of HPS and in 10 patients results were negative. We did not have false positive neither false negative results. We strongly recommend this diagnostic method for all infants under clinical suspicion of HPS.
