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1.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Hig ; 43(2): 12-18, dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-702797

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar las principales alteraciones electrocardiográficas en pacientes con Enfermedad de Chagas que asistieron al Hospital José Rangel de Villa de Cura Edo. Aragua, entre los años 1998 -2008. Se realizó una revisión de historias clínicas y electrocardiogramas de la Unidad de Archivos del Hospital José Rangel de Villa de Cura. La población estuvo conformada por 85 pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas que asistieron al Hospital José Rangel de Villa de Cura entre los años 1998 - 2008. De ellos, 64 % de los pacientes tuvo edades comprendidas entre los 60 a 84 años, a predominio del sexo masculino en 55%. El trastorno de conducción más frecuente fue el bloqueo de rama (52,9%), principalmente bloqueo de rama derecha; El trastorno del ritmo más frecuente fue fibrilación auricular (55.3%), principalmente fibrilación auricular con respuesta ventricular rápida. También se observó extrasístole ventricular, bradicardia sinusal, arritmia ventricular, y otras alteraciones electrocardiográficas, principalmente alteraciones del segmento ST, alteraciones de la onda P y bajo voltaje. Las principales patologías cardiovasculares fueron: hipertensión arterial (49,4 %), insuficiencia cardíaca (57,6) enfermedad cerebrovascular (22,4%). Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron Ácido acetilsalicílico (60%), (55,3%), Digoxina (35,6%), Amiodarona (29,4%), Furosemida (57,3%), Espironolactona (31,8%), Captopril (44,7%), Enalapril (22,4%) y Clonidina (20%). solo 4,7% ameritó el uso de marcapasos. Metodología: La investigación se enmarca como un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de corte transversal. Conclusiones: Se concluye que en estos pacientes la presencia de fibrilación auricular fue levemente más frecuente que el bloqueo de rama, con alta frecuencia de hipertensión arterial e insuficiencia cardíaca, indicando grave compromiso cardíaco y mal pronóstico.


Objective: To analyze the electrocardiographic changes in patients with Chagas disease who attended the Hospital José Rangel de Villa de Cura Edo. Aragua, between the years 1998 -2008. Clinical records and electrocardiograms in the archives unit were reviewed. The population consisted of 85 patients with Chagas disease who attended the Hospital José Rangel of Villa de Cura between the years 1998 to 2008. Of these, 64% of patients were aged 60-84 years, 55% of patients were male. Branch block disorder was the most frequent (52,9%), with predominance of right bundle branch block (31,7%), Atrial fibrillation was the most common rhythm disorder (55,3%), with predominance of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. (3,7%) was also observed ventricular extrasystole, sinus bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmia and other ECG abnormalities, particularly ST-segment abnormalities, alterations in the P wave and low voltage. The major cardiovascular diseases were: hypertension (49,4%), heart failure (57,6) cerebrovascular disease (22,4%). Acetylsalicylic acid was the drug most used (60%), and also Isosorbide (55,3%), Digoxin (35.6%), Amiodarone (29,4%), Furosemide (57,3%), Spironolactone (31,8%), Captopril (44,7%), Enalapril (22,4%) and Clonidine (20%). just 4,7% required the use of pacemakers. Methodology: The research was framed as cross sectional a descriptive epidemiological study. Conclusions: We conclude that in these patients the presence of atrial fibrillation was slightly more common than bundle branch block, with a high frequency of hypertension and heart failure, indicating severe heart failure and poor prognosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/transmission , Chagas Disease/complications , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Electrocardiography/instrumentation , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Public Health
2.
Parasitol Res ; 106(5): 1127-34, 2010 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20180133

ABSTRACT

No ideal test exists for Chagas' disease, and better diagnostic strategies are needed. We determined the diagnostic utility of an 85-kDa Trypanosoma cruzi protein in a multiple antigen binding assay (MABA). A standardized MABA test based on concentrated trypomastigote excretory-secretory antigen (TESA) and an 85-kDa purified protein showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. In field conditions, 6/66 individuals tested in a region not thought to be endemic (Rio Brito) were identified as seropositive for T. cruzi infection with our MABA test. In parallel, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on fixed epimastigotes detected 7/66 positives, which were independently confirmed. These data suggest that the 85-kDa and TESA proteins could be used in the MABA format as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of latent Chagas' disease. High anti-T. cruzi antibody detection rates, poor knowledge of Chagas' disease and its vector, and the demonstration of infected vectors in the study community all suggest a significant risk of reemergence of T. cruzi infection in this region of Venezuela.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Protozoan , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Membrane Glycoproteins , Protozoan Proteins , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Antigens, Protozoan/isolation & purification , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Child , Chromatography, Affinity , Female , Humans , Immunoassay/methods , Male , Membrane Glycoproteins/isolation & purification , Middle Aged , Protozoan Proteins/isolation & purification , Rural Population , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Venezuela , Young Adult
3.
J Clin Microbiol ; 48(4): 1139-49, 2010 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20071547

ABSTRACT

More than 10 million people are thought to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily in the Americas. The clinical manifestations of Chagas' disease (CD) are variable, but most subjects remain asymptomatic for decades. Only 15 to 30% eventually develop terminal complications. All current diagnostic tests have limitations. New approaches are needed for blood bank screening as well as for improved diagnosis and prognosis. Sera from subjects with asymptomatic CD (n = 131) were compared to those from uninfected controls (n = 164) and subjects with other parasitic diseases (n = 140), using protein array mass spectrometry. To identify biomarkers associated with CD, sera were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography and bound to two commercial ProteinChip array chemistries: WCX2 and IMAC3. Multiple candidate biomarkers were found in CD sera (3 to 75.4 kDa). Algorithms employing 3 to 5 of these biomarkers achieved up to 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity for CD. The biomarkers most useful for diagnosis were identified and validated. These included MIP1 alpha, C3a anaphylatoxin, and unusually truncated forms of fibronectin, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and C3. An antipeptide antiserum against the 28.9-kDa C terminus of the fibronectin fragment achieved good specificity (90%) for CD in a Western blot format. We identified full-length ApoA1 (28.1 kDa), the major structural and functional protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as an important negative biomarker for CD, and relatively little full-length ApoA1 was detected in CD sera. This work provides proof of principle that both platform-dependent (i.e., mass spectrometry-based) and platform-independent (i.e., Western blot) tests can be generated using high-throughput mass profiling.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Proteins/analysis , Serum/chemistry , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Americas , Animals , Biomarkers , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trypanosoma cruzi , Young Adult
4.
Invest. clín ; 50(4): 455-464, dic. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-574441

ABSTRACT

La malaria en el embarazo constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Con el objetivo de analizar la situación de malaria durante el embarazo y sus efectos, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de tipo transversal donde fueron seguidas un total de 449 embarazadas en la parroquia San Isidro, municipio Sifontes, estado Bolívar, Venezuela, durante los años 2005 y 2006. La incidencia de malaria en embarazadas fue de 27,4 por ciento: 87 por ciento por Plasmodium vivax, 12,2 por ciento por Plasmodium falciparum y 0,8 por ciento por infecciones mixtas. Estas infecciones ocurrieron mayormente en el segundo trimestre (41,5 por ciento). El 71.5 por ciento de las embarazadas con malaria presentaron síntomas de la enfermedad y 26,2 por ciento presentaron anemia. Se registró una mayor proporción de abortos en las embarazadas infectadas con P. vivax. De los datos obtenidos de 91 nacimientos, 3,3 por ciento correspondieron a recién nacidos de bajo peso. Se registró un caso de malaria placentaria (0,8 por ciento) por P. vivax. Se observó una asociación entre recibir la quimioprofilaxis y el adecuado peso del recién nacido (X²=41 23gl. p< 0,0001), independientemente de la regularidad del tratamiento. La administración rutinaria de quimioprofilaxis antimalárica contra P. vivax durante el embarazo, puede estar justificada en áreas endémicas. Es recomendable el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno durante la consulta prenatal en las zonas de transmisión de la malaria.


Malaria in pregnancy constitutes a world-wide public health problem. With the objective of studying malaria in pregnancy, a cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out on 449 women, in mining areas of the San Isidro parish, municipality Sifontes, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, during 2005-2006. The Malaria incidence in pregnant women was 27.4 percent: 87 percent for Plasmodium vivax, 12.2 percent Plasmodium falciparum and 0.8 percent mixed infections. These infections appeared mainly during the second trimester (41.5 percent). Of the women studied, 71.5 percent presented symptoms and 26.2 percent had anemia. A higher proportion of abortions occurred among infected mothers with Plasmodium vivax (3/5); and there were 3.3 percent low-birth-weight neonates. A case of placental malaria (0.8 percent) for Plasmodium vivax was registered. An association was observed between mothers receiving chemoprophylaxis and the adequate weight of newborns (X² = 41 23gl. p < 0.0001), independently of the regularity of treatment. It is concluded that the routine administration of antimalarial quimioprophilaxis against P. vivax to pregnant women, could be justified in endemic areas. It is advisable to establish the routine diagnosis and opportune treatment during the prenatal practice in the transmission areas of malaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Malaria/epidemiology , Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivax , Public Health
5.
Invest Clin ; 50(4): 455-64, 2009 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20306719

ABSTRACT

Malaria in pregnancy constitutes a world-wide public health problem. With the objective of studying malaria in pregnancy, a cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study was carried out on 449 women, in mining areas of the San Isidro parish, municipality Sifontes, state of Bolívar, Venezuela, during 2005-2006. The Malaria incidence in pregnant women was 27.4%: 87% for Plasmodium vivax, 12.2% Plasmodium falciparum and 0.8% mixed infections. These infections appeared mainly during the second trimester (41.5%). Of the women studied, 71.5% presented symptoms and 26.2% had anemia. A higher proportion of abortions occurred among infected mothers with Plasmodium vivax (3/5); and there were 3.3% low-birth-weight neonates. A case of placental malaria (0.8%) for Plasmodium vivax was registered. An association was observed between mothers receiving chemoprophylaxis and the adequate weight of newborns (chi2 = 41 23gl. p < 0.0001), independently of the regularity of treatment. It is concluded that the routine administration of antimalarial quimioprophilaxis against P. vivax to pregnant women, could be justified in endemic areas. It is advisable to establish the routine diagnosis and opportune treatment during the prenatal practice in the transmission areas of malaria.


Subject(s)
Malaria/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Venezuela , Young Adult
6.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 19(1): 18-29, ene.-jun. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-721144

ABSTRACT

Determinar los factores epidemiológicos y la profilaxis antirretroviral utilizada en embarazadas seropositivas al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. El siguiente es un estudio descriptivo, se revisaron 80 historias clínicas (82 embarazos con 83 recién nacidos), que fueron evaluadas en el HUC entre el año 1999 y 2004, se analizaron variables epidemiológicas que se recogieron en un protocolo de recolección de datos que incluían: edad, diagnóstico de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, modo de adquisición del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, inicio y tipo de profalaxis antirretroviral utilizada en la madre y el recién nacido, modo de culminación del embarazo, carga viral, linfocitos TCD4+, infecciones oportunistas y/o neoplasias, transmisión vertical del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y malformaciones congénitas, entre otros. Las variables se recogieron en un protocolo de recolección de datos. Para el análisis y descripción de los datos se utilizó el programa Epi Info 5. La mayoría de las pacientes se encontraban en las edades de 20-29 años edad: 52 (63 por ciento). El diagnóstico de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana se realizó durante el embarazo en el 62 por ciento de los casos, 69,5 por ciento de las pacientes eran amas de casa, el promedio del contaje de linfocitos TCD4+ al finalizar la profilaxis antirretroviral fue de 527,6 células/mm3 y el de la carga viral fue de 150.24 copias por mm3. En el 91,5 por ciento (75/82) de los casos se indicó profilaxis antirretroviral en la etapa prenatal, en la culminación del embarazo y en el recién nacido, 12,5 por ciento casos no lo recibieron. El esquema de ZDV, LMV NFV, 57 (76 por ciento) fue el más utilizado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/pathology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Seropositivity/immunology , Prenatal Care/methods , Infectious Disease Medicine , Transaminases/analysis
7.
J Clin Microbiol ; 44(2): 291-6, 2006 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16455872

ABSTRACT

There is currently no "gold standard" test for the diagnosis of late-stage Chagas' disease. As a result, protection of the blood supply in areas where Chagas' disease is endemic remains problematic. A panel of 709 serum samples from subjects with confirmed Chagas' disease (n = 195), healthy controls (n = 400), and patients with other parasitic diseases (n = 114) was used to assess enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on a concentrated extract of excretory-secretory antigens from either Brazil or Tulahuen strain Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (total trypomastigote excretory-secretory antigens [TESAs]). The total TESA-based assays had excellent overall sensitivity (100%) and specificity (>94%), except for cross-reactivity with Leishmania-infected sera. In an attempt to increase the specificity of the assay, immunoaffinity chromatography was used to purify the TESA proteins (TESA(IA) proteins). By Western blotting, a series of polypeptide bands with molecular masses ranging from 60 to 220 kDa were recognized by pooled sera positive for Chagas' disease. An ELISA based on TESA(IA) proteins had a slightly lower sensitivity (98.6%) but an improved specificity (100%) compared to the sensitivity and specificity of the total TESA protein-based ELISAs. A 60-kDa polypeptide was identified as a major contributor to the cross-reactivity with Leishmania. These data suggest the need for field validation studies of TESA- and TESA(IA)-based assays in regions where Chagas' disease is endemic.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Antigens, Protozoan/isolation & purification , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Animals , Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chromatography, Affinity/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Sensitivity and Specificity , Serologic Tests
8.
J Clin Microbiol ; 42(4): 1766-9, 2004 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15071044

ABSTRACT

Three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for diagnosis of Chagas' disease were developed with fixed forms of Trypanosoma cruzi using a panel of 435 sera from the following groups: Venezuelan subjects positive by immunofluorescence (n = 70), Venezuelan healthy controls (n = 85), healthy Canadians (n = 166), and subjects with other parasitic diseases (n = 114). All assays achieved 100% sensitivity and reasonable specificity for amastigotes (97.6%), epimastigotes (98.3%), and trypomastigotes (99.3%). The fixed-trypomastigote assay was stable over 4 months at 4 degrees C and room temperature. These data suggest that a fixed-trypomastigote EIA may be a suitable candidate for blood bank screening.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Animals , Canada , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development , Venezuela
9.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 43(1): 37-43, Jan.-Feb. 2001. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-285683

ABSTRACT

The interruption of vectorial transmission of Chagas disease in Venezuela is attributed to the combined effects of ongoing entomoepidemiological surveillance, ongoing house spraying with residual insecticides and the concurrent building and modification of rural houses in endemic areas during almost five decades. The original endemic areas which totaled 750,000 km², have been reduced to 365,000 km². During 1958-1968, initial entomological evaluations carried out showed that the house infestation index ranged between 60-80 percent, the house infection index at 8-11 percent and a house density index of 30-50 triatomine bugs per house. By 1990-98, these indexes were further reduced to 1.6-4.0 percent, 0.01-0.6 percent and 3-4 bugs per house respectively. The overall rural population seroprevalence has declined from 44.5 percent (95 percent C.I.: 43.4-45.3 percent) to 9.2 percent (95 percent C.I.: 9.0-9.4 percent) for successive grouped periods from 1958 to 1998. The annual blood donor prevalence is firmly established below 1 percent. The population at risk of infection has been estimated to be less than four million. Given that prevalence rates are stable and appropriate for public health programmes, consideration has been given to potential biases that may distort results such as: a) geographical differences in illness or longevity of patients; b) variations in levels of ascertainment; c) variations in diagnostic criteria; and d) variations in population structure, mainly due to appreciable population migration. The endemic areas with continuous transmission are now mainly confined to piedmonts, as well as patchy foci in higher mountainous ranges, where the exclusive vector is Rhodnius prolixus. There is also an unstable area, of which landscapes are made up of grasslands with scattered broad-leaved evergreen trees and costal plains, where transmission is very low and occasional outbreaks are reported


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Chagas Disease/transmission , Insect Control , Insect Vectors , Triatominae , Age Distribution , Blood Donors , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases , Insect Control/methods , Prevalence , Program Evaluation , Rural Population , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Trypanosoma cruzi , Vector Control of Diseases , Venezuela/epidemiology
10.
La Paz; Ministerio de Salud y previsión Social; 2001. assin p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1308747

ABSTRACT

La medición tiene como fin mejorar la salud y el mecanismo de recolección de datos debe servir de proceso en la toma de decisiones para cumplir con este objetivo. Para ello no solamente se requiere de un proceso que brinde datos apropiados sobre la coyuntura de salud (impacto, cobertura y costos), sino también la comunicación de la información de los distintos niveles del sistema de salud. Se introducen los conceptos básicos en sitios de centinela, como punto para empezar a un proceso descentralizado de planificación


Subject(s)
Dengue , Statistics , Malaria
11.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 40(1/2): 31-36, ene.-dic. 2000. mapas, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-344977

ABSTRACT

La epidemiología de la Malaria puede medirse a través de varios indicadores. El uso de cada uno de ellos permite la correcta visualización de la áreas de riesgo sujetas a una intervención. En este estudio de epidemiología descriptiva, se examina comparativamente la validez del uso del indicador DDNR/1000 habitantes en comparación con el IPA/1000 habitantes para la malaria en diferente regiones del país. Se aprecia una estrecha correlación del DDNR y el IPA para los seis Estados, seis municipios y las diez etnias sometidas a estudio. Ambos indicadores permiten señalar las áreas de mayor impacto de transmisión de la enfermedad, coincidiendo en los grupos a riesgo de padecer la misma


Subject(s)
Epidemiology, Descriptive
12.
Bol. Dir. Malariol. Saneam. Ambient ; 38(1): 14-30, ene.-mar. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-277651

ABSTRACT

El principal objetivo de este estudio es el análisis espacio-temporal del proceso de la reintroducción de la malaria en la población humana en la zona de Santa Fe, estado Sucre, mediante un enfoque eco-epidemiológico y el empleo de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y Sensores Remotos (imagen Landsat TM). El SIG integra datos epidemiológicos (casos de malaria), meteorológicos (precipitación), geográficos (relieve, hidrografía, vialidad, población humana, uso de la tierra, etc.) y entomológicos (criaderos de anofelinos vectores). Los resultados del presente estudio señalan los siguientes factores de riesgo malárico para la zona de Santa Fe: Altitudes menores a 50 m sobre el nivel del mar, pendiente del terreno inferior al 10 por ciento, viviendas ubicadas a menos de 1 Km de criaderos de Anopheles aquasalis, especialemente aquellas cercanas a ríos y próximas a canales, presencia de vegetación boscosa o de manglar, concentraciones urbanas y presencia de herbazales altos (caña amarga). Mediante el SIG podemos delimitar las áreas de mayor riesgo malárico, por lo cual se recomienda la aplicación de esta tecnología para reducir los costos operacionales de control en zonas que están actualmente infectadas. Se hacen recomendaciones para el control de An.aquasalis mediante técnicas de manejo ambiental de los criaderos para proteger a la población. Se recomienda una adecuada vigilancia epidemiológica dado que existen las condiciones necesarias para una eventual reinfección de la zona


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Information Systems , Malaria/epidemiology , Venezuela/epidemiology
13.
Bol. Dir. Malariol. Saneam. Ambient ; 38(1): 68-72, ene.-mar. 1998. mapas, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-277656

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo es un análisis y discusión de los reportes semanales obligatorios de malaria en Venezuela de la Dirección de Endemias Rurales de la Dirección General Sectorial de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental del Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, en el año 1997


Subject(s)
Malaria , Venezuela/epidemiology
15.
Bol. Dir. Malariol. Saneam. Ambient ; 33(1/4): 11-22, 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-163532

ABSTRACT

El mal de chagas en Venezuela se mantiene endémico, mayormente en zonas cafeteras, después de casi cuatro décadas de control vectorial. Se estima que la actual población a riesgo ascendería a unos 6.000.000 de personas. La seroprevalencia global correspondiente al período 1980-89 es de 13,7 por ciento. Se estima que el número actual de enfermos ascendería a unas 822.000 personas. Se describe un efecto de cohorte en base a las prevalencias establecidas durante el lapso 1958-1989, la seropositividad promedio interanual en Bancos de sangre, entre 1988-1992, es de 1,20 por ciento (1,09 - 1,94 por ciento). Los estimativos de incidencia para el grupo de edad menor de 15 años para 1991 y 1992 son de dos casos nuevos por 1.000 habitantes por año. La especificidad, como parámetro de las pruebas serológicas, debería considerarse en función de la baja sero prevalencia detectada a nivel nacional


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Venezuela
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