Efficacy of a Telemonitoring System as a Complementary Strategy in the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Episodes of decompensation are the main cause of hospital admissions in patients with heart failure. For this reason, the use of mobile apps emerges as an excellent strategy to improve coverage, real-time monitoring, and timeliness of care. ControlVit is an electronic application for early detection of complications studied within the context of a tertiary university hospital. Patients were randomized to the use of ControlVit versus placebo, during a 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was the difference in numbers of readmissions and deaths for heart failure between both groups. One hundred forty patients were included (intervention = 71, placebo = 69), with an average age of 66 years old; 71% were men. The main etiology of heart failure was ischemic (60%), whereas the main comorbidities were arterial hypertension (44%), dyslipidemia (42%), hypothyroidism (38%), chronic kidney disease (38%), and diabetes mellitus (27%). The primary outcome occurred more frequently in the control group: readmission due to decompensation for heart failure (control group n = 14 vs intervention group n = 3; P = .0081), and death (control group n = 11 vs intervention group n = 3; P = .024). In heart failure patients, ControlVit is a useful and supplementary tool, which reduces hospital admissions due to episodes of decompensation.

Cardio SEM: A Novel Approach for a Traffic Light System for Heart Failure Warning Signs.

Existing literature on the follow-up of heart failure patients with warning signs shows that it is necessary to increase patients' knowledge and of seeking help in a timely manner. This suggests an opportunity to implement strategies that integrate technology to visualize the risk of decompensation. This article studies the acceptance of Cardio Sem, a traffic light system mobile application for patients with heart failure. A descriptive, observational pilot study was performed with 23 outpatients belonging to a heart failure program. For 4 weeks, patients used Cardio Sem, which allows visualizing the risk of decompensation through a series of questions that patients must answer daily and provides guidance for managing signs and symptoms of decompensation. A technology acceptance questionnaire was applied to all patients, resulting in acceptance of the application, especially in the dimensions that emphasized perceived usefulness (100%), social influence (100%), and behavioral intent (99.8%). Cardio Sem is useful for early detection of symptoms that allow for early response to complications. Acceptance of the application by patients and its ease of use present the possibility to implement it as a complementary tool to promote self-care and effective management of symptoms.

Differences in scientific collaboration and their effects on research influence: A quantitative analysis of nursing publications in Latin America (Scopus, 2005-2020).

This work is mainly aimed at the detection, visualization and description of the scientific collaboration patterns in the Nursing field in Latin America as a response to the lack of evidence on the implications of collaboration and its effects on the scientific influence in the Nursing field. For this purpose, a retrospective quantitative analysis was conducted by including all the publications classified under the code 2900 in All Science Journal Classification Codes of Scopus, corresponding to the field of General Nursing during 2005-2020. A total of 40 countries and 362,354 unique publications were analyzed, although the main subset herein consists of 18,371 unique publications authored by Latin-American institutions. World proportion of Latin-American publications in Nursing is higher than all the publications in the region. This increase is especially remarkable in the latest year of the studied period, which may result from the progressive increase in the numbers of nursing schools, the diversity in the graduate and specialization programs, the creation of scientific societies, and the many conferences carried out recently on Nursing.

Modelo de aceptación tecnológica de la aplicación móvil de seguimiento ControlVit® en pacientes con falla cardiaca / Technological acceptance model of the ControlVit® mobile monitoring application in patients with heart failure

Resumen Introducción: Los sistemas de monitoreo remoto basados en teléfonos inteligentes para pacientes con falla cardiaca podrían ser herramientas sencillas y económicas para mejorar el seguimiento ambulatorio. Objetivo: Identificar la utilidad y aceptación de la aplicación ControlVit® en pacientes con falla cardiaca. Método: Estudio piloto observacional descriptivo, en 20 pacientes ambulatorios con fracción de eyección reducida, que asisten a un programa de falla cardiaca. Durante seis meses, los pacientes utilizaron la aplicación ControlVit®, que suministra al paciente información para mejorar su autocuidado y permite el registro diario de variables médicas relevantes. Los datos se consignaron en la bitácora del sistema para verificar la frecuencia y el envío de datos. Se aplicó un cuestionario de aceptación tecnológica (TAM) a todos los pacientes y profesionales. Resultados: 100% de los pacientes reconoció la utilidad de la aplicación frente a su autocuidado, 90% niegan ansiedad tecnológica o temor para emplearla por la facilidad de uso. En general, se detectaron 164 alertas en tiempo real ―el aumento de peso fue la más frecuente (49%)―, y en 91% de los pacientes no se registraron reingresos hospitalarios. Conclusión: la aplicación ControlVit® es útil para la detección temprana de síntomas que permiten identificar, de forma precoz, complicaciones y modificar su tratamiento. La excelente aceptación de la aplicación por parte de los pacientes y su facilidad de uso plantean la posibilidad de implementarla como una estrategia complementaria de seguimiento en pacientes con falla cardiaca.

Abstract Introduction: Mobile phone based remote monitoring systems for heart failure patients could become simple and affordable tools to improve home management. Objective: to identify utility and acceptance of ControlVit® in heart failure patients. Method: descriptive observational pilot study in 20 outpatients with reduced ejection fraction, attending at hospital heart failure program. For six months, patients use the ControlVit® application, which supplies patient information to improve self-care and allows daily recording of specific medical variables. The data was recorded in the system log to verify frequency and data transmission. A technological acceptance questionnaire (TAM) was applied to all patients and professionals. A descriptive analysis with absolute and relative frequency distribution was also performed. Results: 100% of patients recognized the usefulness of the application compared to self-care, 90 % deny technological anxiety or fear of using it due to the ease of use. Overall, 164 real-time alerts were detected, weight gain was the most frequent (49 %) and 91 % of patients had no hospital readmissions. Conclusion: The ControlVit® application is useful for the early detection of symptoms that allow timely detection of complications and early modification of treatment. The excellent acceptance of the application by patients and its ease of use, raise the possibility of implementing it as a complementary monitoring strategy in patients with heart failure.

Digital Health Literacy in Patients With Heart Failure in Times of Pandemic.

This study sought to determine the effect of a digital health literacy program regarding knowledge and skills in the use of digital resources related to self-care and health empowerment for patients with heart failure. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted before and after the program in patients (n = 28) with heart failure at a tertiary care center. Both a knowledge test and the Health Empowerment Scale were used with a Cronbach's α of 0.89. The information was processed using the statistical software Restudio, which allowed us to make a descriptive and inferential analysis. Seventy-five percent of the participants were men with an average age of 68 years, 60.7% had elementary schooling, 71.4% had preserved ejection fraction, and 57.6% had a family member as a caregiver. A statistically significant change ( P < .005) was found in the level of empowerment and the knowledge and skills in the use of digital resources applied in health. The results showed that the digital health literacy program is a cost-effective intervention that nursing professionals must integrate into continuity of care, not only in pandemic times but also in a permanent and standardized manner. An empowered patient with knowledge and skills in the use of digital resources is a patient with the ability to decide, satisfy needs, and solve problems, with critical thinking and control over their health.

Professional profile and work conditions of nurses working in intensive care units: A multicentre study.

AIM: To determine the professional profile and the work conditions of nurses working in intensive care units (ICU) in Colombia, Argentina, Peru and Brazil. BACKGROUND: ICUs require a differentiated professional profile to provide quality care, and appropriate working conditions, leading to a transformation of care and management practices. DESIGN: Descriptive multicentre cross-sectional observational study. METHODS: An online survey was applied to identify both the characteristics of the professional profile and the working conditions. 1,427 ICU nursing professionals were included. RStudio statistical software was used for the analysis of the information. Descriptive statistics were used for the presentation of the results. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used in this study. RESULTS: Only 33.6% of the professionals had a specialisation degree in intensive care. The skills that were most frequently put into practice were communication (68.5%) and care management (78.5%). The most predominant nurse-to-patient ratios were 1:2, and greater than 1:6. 59.1% of the nurses had an indefinite term contract, 38.8% worked 48 hours per week and 49.8% had rotating shifts. Only 50.4% of them received incentives. The average salary ranged between 348 and 1,500 USD. 64.5% of the participants were satisfied with their job. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to strengthen nurses' professional profile by promoting both postgraduate education and the development of troubleshooting and teamwork skills. It is necessary to standardise the nurse-to-patient ratio, improve wages and increase incentives to achieve greater job satisfaction. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: The knowledge and the improvement of both the professional profile and the work conditions of nurses working in intensive care units will improve the quality of the care given to critical patients and, therefore, the quality of health outcomes.

Evaluation of a Mobile Application for Heart Failure Telemonitoring.

Adequate adherence to treatment is indispensable in preventing adverse consequences in heart failure patients. Such adherence can be managed through heart failure clinics and various methods of follow-up. In recent years, the use of telemonitoring has shown promising benefits in supporting clinicians' follow-up, as well as contributing to patients' self-care. This article presents the development and evaluation of a telemonitoring application for heart failure, through a Web-based interface for clinicians and a mobile application for patients. The application was evaluated through a 6-month pilot observational descriptive study in 20 outpatients with reduced ejection fraction and two nurses, in the context of a heart failure clinic. A technological acceptance questionnaire was applied to all patients and nurses at the end of the study period. In use, the application generated 64 real-time alerts for early decision-making to prevent complications, and 91% of patients did not present hospital readmissions. Such results, along with high user acceptance, show potential utility of the application as an effective complementary strategy for follow-up of patients with heart failure.

Efecto del seguimiento telefónico en la adherencia al tratamiento en los pacientes con falla cardiaca / Effect of telephone monitoring on adherence to treatment in patients with heart failure

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del seguimiento telefónico en los niveles de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico en los pacientes que asisten a un programa de falla cardiaca de una institución de cuarto nivel de atención. Método: Ensayo clínico controlado (n = 61) en el que los pacientes se aleatorizaron a seguimiento telefónico o a seguimiento usual. Para determinar el efecto de la intervención se realizaron tres mediciones de los niveles de adherencia: antes del seguimiento, a los 12 meses y 6 meses después de finalizar el seguimiento. Se utilizaron la prueba de tendencia de Cochrane-Armitage y un análisis multivariado con un modelo logístico mixto de cuantiles. Resultados: Los pacientes con seguimiento telefónico tuvieron tendencia a clasificarse en niveles de mayor adherencia que los del grupo control (p < 0.0001). En el modelo multivariado se encuentra una asociación entre los puntajes de adherencia y el seguimiento telefónico, que dependen del tiempo, en los percentiles estudiados en la distribución. Hubo mayor adherencia con la intervención de la segunda visita en los cuantiles bajos de la distribución (P10 y P25) y, en la tercera, en los cuantiles más altos (P50, P75 y P90). Variables como sexo masculino (P10 y P25), universitarios (P10 y P90) y presencia de cuidador (P90) estuvieron asociadas con mayores niveles de adherencia. Conclusiones: El seguimiento telefónico se convierte en una intervención efectiva que promueve la motivación, la autogestión y la comunicación asertiva con el paciente, siempre y cuando se realice de manera estandarizada y a lo largo del tiempo

Objective: This work sought to determine the effect of telephone monitoring on levels of adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in patients attending a heart failure program in a tier IV health care institution. Method: Controlled clinical trial (n = 61) in which patients were randomized to telephone monitoring or to usual monitoring. To determine the effect of the intervention, three measurements were made of the adherence levels: prior to monitoring, at 12 months, and 6 months after finishing the monitoring. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used, along with a multivariate analysis with a quantile mixed logistic model. Results: Patients with telephone monitoring tended to classify in levels of greater adherence than those from the control group (p< 0.0001). The multivariate model shows an association between the adherence scores and the telephone monitoring, which depend on time, percentiles studied, and the distribution. There was greater adherence with the intervention of the second visit in the distribution’s low quantiles (P10 and P25) and, in the third, in the highest quantiles (P50, P75, and P90). Variables, like male gender (P10 and P25), university schooling (P10 and P90), and presence of a caregiver (P90) were associated with higher adherence levels. Conclusions: Telephone monitoring becomes an effective intervention that promot es motivation, self-management, and assertive communication with patients, whenever it is carried out in standardized manner

Caracterización de los eventos adversos reportados por enfermería en unidades de cuidado intensivo en Bogotá (Colombia) / Characterization of adverse events reported in nursing care units intensive Bogotá (Colombia)

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los eventos adversos (EA) reportados por enfermería en algunas unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI) en Bogotá (Colombia). Método: Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo. El tamaño de la muestra correspondió a 525pacientes, durante un periodo de 6 meses. El tipo de muestreo fue por criterio; participaron de forma voluntaria 3 instituciones de salud en Bogotá. Para recolectar información se utilizó un formulario digital on-line. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas, utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS Statistics 23.0, versión 2014. Resultados: Se reportaron 594 eventos adversos presentados en 525 pacientes. Los relacionados con el cuidado enfermero ocuparon el primer lugar (38,7 %), seguido del manejo de la vía aérea y la ventilación mecánica (16,1 %) y el manejo de accesos vasculares, sondas y drenajes (14,8 %) y la infección asociada al cuidado (12,6 %). La ocurrencia de estos eventos adversos predominó en hombres con edad promedio de 64,5 años, en unidades de cuidado intensivo médicas, en el turno de la noche y con un TISS-28 de 20-39 puntos. Conclusiones: Los eventos adversos reportados en el estudio que presentan mayor prevalen-cia están relacionados en su mayoría con el cuidado directo al paciente y el de vía aérea; al ser prevenibles indican que se presentaron por alteración en el cumplimiento de los estándares del cuidado.

Abstract Objective: To identify adverse events (AEs) reported by nursing in some intensive care units (ICU) in Bogota. Method: A descriptive, prospective study was developed. The size of the sample consisted of 525 patients over a period of 6 months. The sampling was by convenience, participated voluntarily three health institutions in the city of Bogota. To collect information, digital form on-line. Data was analyzed with SPSS Statistics 23.0, version 2014. Results: 594 reported adverse events in 525patients, related care nurse ranked first (38.7%), followed by airway management and mechanical ventilation (16.1%) and management of vascular access, probes and drains (14.8 %) and infection associated with care (12.6%). the occurrence of these adverse events predominated in men with an average age of 64.5 years in medical intensive care units, on the night shift with a 20-39 TISS-28 points. Conclusions: Adverse Events reported in the present study are more prevalent mostly related to direct patient care and airway, being preventable, was presented they indicate that alteration in compliance with standards of care.

Estudio de eventos adversos, factores y periodicidad en pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de cuidado intensivo / Study of adverse events, factors and periodicity in hospitalized patients in ICU

Objetivo: Determinar los eventos adversos (EA) reportados por enfermería y sus factores en unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI) adulto, pediátrica o neonatal de tres países participantes (México, Argentina y Colombia). Método: Se desarrolló un estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo, correlacional. La unidad de observación la constituyeron los EA reportados por enfermería durante un periodo de seis meses en 17 UCIS. Para el reporte se diseñó un formulario digital, presentado en línea, que contenía las categorías y los factores relacionados de los Eventos Adversos. La información se analizó con el programa estadístico SPSS Statistics 22.0, versión 2013. Resultados: Se reportaron 1163 eventos, de los cuales el 34 %, se relacionó con el cuidado, el 19 % con vía aérea y ventilación mecánica, el 16 % con el manejo de accesos vasculares y drenajes, el 13 % con infección nosocomial y el 11 % con la administración de medicamentos. El 7 % restante correspondió a relacionados con pruebas diagnósticas y equipos. El 94,8% se consideraron prevenibles. Para determinar los factores presentes en los EA, se utilizó el coeficiente Phi y se encontró que los que podrían estar relacionados fueron aquellos del sistema en los que predominó la falta de adhesión a protocolos, problemas de comunicación, formación y entrenamiento inadecuado (Phi 0-1 p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los EA con mayor prevalencia están relacionados, en su mayoría, con el cuidado directo al paciente y el de vía aérea. El posible factor relacionado fue el del sistema. Por tal motivo, el profesional de enfermería debe establecer estrategias para fortalecer y mejorar los procesos relacionados con la aplicación de protocolos, comunicación y una política de recursos humanos (AU)

Objective: To determine adverse events (AEs) reported by nursing and its related factors in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in three participating countries (Mexico, Argentina and Colombia) in 2013. Method: A multicenter, prospective and descriptive study was conducted. The observation unit was constituted with AEs reported by nurses over a period of 6 months in 17 ICUs. To report AEs, a digital and on line form that contained the categories and factors related adverse event was designed. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: 1163 adverse events were reported, 34% were related to care, 19 % with airway and mechanical ventilation, 16 % with the management of vascular access and drainage, 13 % with nosocomial infection and 11 % with administration of medication, the remaining 7 % were related to testing diagnostic and equipment. 94.8 % of these AEs were considered preventable. To determine the importance of the factors present in AEs, the Phi coefficient was used, finding that the factors related were those of the system where predominate the non-adherence to protocols, communication problems, training and inadequate training ( Phi 0-1 p <0.05 ). Conclusions: AEs most prevalent are mostly related to direct patient care and airway care, in addition to that, its related factor was the system, therefore the nurse must develop strategies to strengthen and improve processes related with application of protocols, communication and human resources policy (AU)

Prevención de los eventos adversos en las unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátricas / Prevention of adverse events in pediatrics intensive care units

Los cuidados proporcionados por el equipo de salud a los pacientes pediátricos llevan implícito el riesgo de generar errores y, por consiguiente, eventos adversos que pueden ocasionar complicaciones, secuelas o incluso la muerte. Los eventos adversos que se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el paciente pediátrico son la infección, complicaciones de catéteres y medicamentos. Las acciones preventivas se deben orientar a la sensibilización del personal, notificación de errores, adecuado clima laboral, entrenamiento, uso de técnica aséptica y una adecuada cultura. El profesional de enfermería debe reconocer la importancia de aplicar acciones preventivas para contribuir a fortalecer la calidad del cuidado en el marco de la seguridad clínica.

The cares provided by the health team to pediatric patients have implied the risk of errors and therefore generate adverse events that can lead to complications, sequelae or death. Adverse events that occur most frequently in pediatric patients are infection, complications of catheters and drugs. Preventive actions should be directed to staff awareness, error notification, laboral suitable climate, training, use d aseptic technique and proper culture. The nurse must recognize the importance to implement preventive actions help to strengthen the quality of care in the context of clinical safety.

Aspects that facilitate or interfere in the communication process between nursing professionals and patients in critical state.

OBJECTIVE: To describe aspects facilitating or interfering in the communication process between nursing professionals and patients in critical state. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive study conducted during the second semester of 2013, with the participation of 112 nurses who work in Intensive Care Units of Bogotá (Colombia). To gather the information, the researchers designed a survey. RESULTS: A total of 91.6% of the nursing professionals considers communication important with patients and their families; 75.9% seeks to provide, during the care interventions, physical care and communicate per shift from two to four times with the patient and from one to two times with the family; 50% states feeling afraid to communicate; only 53.7% integrate their emotions in the patient's physical care. Regarding the elements of communication developed during their graduate formation, 42.8% received tools of therapeutic communication during their undergraduate studies and only 33.0% during graduate studies. It is worth to indicate that 80.36% of the Intensive Care Units, where the nursing professionals work, privilege interventions aimed at satisfying physiological needs. CONCLUSION: The communication process between nurses and patients in critical state is limited by restrictive institutional policies and by the nurse' scarce academic formation. The need exists to start a process of change in relation to models of professional practice deeply rooted in physical care of critical patients to establish models that, during physical care, are centered on communication and the patient-family-professional relationship.

Aspectos que facilitan o interfieren el proceso comunicativo entre el profesional de enfermería y el paciente en estado crítico / Aspectos que facilitam ou interferem o processo comunicativo entre o profissional de enfermagem e o paciente em estado crítico / Aspects that facilitate or interfere in the communication process between nursing professionals and patients in critical state

Objetivo. Describir los aspectos que facilitan o interfieren en el proceso comunicativo entre el profesional de enfermería y el paciente en estado crítico. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo realizado durante el segundo semestre del 2013, en el cual participaron 112 enfermeras que laboraran en unidades de cuidado intensivo de Bogotá (Colombia). Para la recolección de la información las investigadoras diseñaron una encuesta. Resultados. El 91.6% de los profesionales de enfermería considera importante la comunicación con el paciente y su familia; el 75.9% intenta proporcionar, durante la intervenciones de cuidado, cuidado físico y comunicarse por turno de 2 a 4 veces con el paciente y de 1 a 2 veces con la familia; el 50% refiere sentir temor para comunicarse; tan solo el 53.7% integra las emociones en el cuidado físico del paciente. Con respecto a los elementos de comunicación desarrollados en su formación posgraduada, el 42.8% recibió herramientas sobre comunicación terapéutica en su pregrado y solo un 33.0% en el posgrado. Cabe señalar que el 80.36% de las unidades de cuidado intensivo, en donde laboran los profesionales de enfermería, privilegia las intervenciones orientadas a satisfacer necesidades fisiológicas. Conclusión. El proceso comunicativo entre la enfermera y el paciente en estado crítico está limitado por las políticas restrictivas institucionales y por la escasa formación académica de las enfermeras. Hay necesidad de iniciar un proceso de cambio en relación con los modelos de práctica profesional profundamente arraigados en el cuidado físico del paciente crítico con el fin de establecer modelos que, durante el cuidado físico, estén centrados en la comunicación y relación paciente-familia-profesional...

Objective. To describe aspects facilitating or interfering in the communication process between nursing professionals and patients in critical state. Methodology. Descriptive study conducted during the second semester of 2013, with the participation of 112 nurses who work in Intensive Care Units of Bogotá (Colombia). To gather the information, the researchers designed a survey. Results. A total of 91.6% of the nursing professionals considers communication important with patients and their families; 75.9% seeks to provide, during the care interventions, physical care and communicate per shift from two to four times with the patient and from one to two times with the family; 50% states feeling afraid to communicate; only 53.7% integrate their emotions in the patient’s physical care. Regarding the elements of communication developed during their graduate formation, 42.8% received tools of therapeutic communication during their undergraduate studies and only 33.0% during graduate studies. It is worth to indicate that 80.36% of the Intensive Care Units, where the nursing professionals work, privilege interventions aimed at satisfying physiological needs. Conclusion. The communication process between nurses and patients in critical state is limited by restrictive institutional policies and by the nurses’ scarce academic formation. The need exists to start a process of change in relation to models of professional practice deeply rooted in physical care of critical patients to establish models that, during physical care, are centered on communication and the patient-family-professional relationship...

Objetivo. Descrever os aspectos que facilitam ou interferem no processo comunicativo entre o profissional de enfermagem e o paciente em estado crítico. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo realizado durante o segundo semestre do 2013, no qual participaram 112 enfermeiras que trabalharam em unidades de cuidado intensivo de Bogotá (Colômbia). Para a recolha da informação as pesquisadoras desenharam uma enquete. Resultados. 91.6% dos profissionais de enfermagem considera importante a comunicação com o paciente e sua família; 75.9% tenta proporcionar, durante a intervenções de cuidado, cuidado físico e comunicar-se por turno de 2 a 4 vezes com o paciente e de 1 a 2 vezes com a família; 50% refere sentir temor para comunicar-se; tão só 53.7% integra as emoções no cuidado físico do paciente. Com respeito aos elementos de comunicação desenvolvidos em sua formação pós-graduada, 42.8% recebeu ferramentas sobre comunicação terapêutica em sua graduação e só um 33.0% na pós-graduação. Cabe assinalar que 80.36% das unidades de cuidado intensivo, em onde trabalham os profissionais de enfermagem, privilegia as intervenções orientadas a satisfazer necessidades fisiológicas. Conclusão. O processo comunicativo entre a enfermeira e o paciente em estado crítico está limitado pelas políticas restritivas institucionais e pela escassa formação acadêmica das enfermeiras. Há necessidade de iniciar um processo de mudança em relação com os modelos de prática profissional profundamente arraigados no cuidado físico do paciente crítico com o fim de estabelecer modelos que, durante o cuidado físico, estejam centrados na comunicação e relação paciente-família-profissional...

El sueño en el paciente hospitalizado en una unidad de cuidado intensivo / Sleep in hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit / O sono em pacientes internados em uma unidade de tratamento intensivo

Introducción: La satisfacción del sueño se convierte en un aspecto fundamental que se debe valorar en el paciente hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI), puesto que existe evidencia sobre las complicaciones derivadas de la privación del sueño, lo que impacta en el incremento de la estancia hospitalaria, la aparición de delírium y el retraso en la reincorporación del paciente a la vida social, laboral y emocional. Objetivo: Identificar la percepción del sueño en los pacientes hospitalizados en una UCI. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, desarrollado en una UCI en Bogotá, con una muestra conformada por 35 pacientes a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario de Richards-Campbell. Resultados y conclusiones: Se encontró que la puntuación total media del sueño fue de 41, lo que corresponde a un sueño regular. Al analizar las puntuaciones obtenidas en cada uno de los ítems del cuestionario se observa que el sueño de estos pacientes se caracterizó por ser ligero, con dificultades para conciliarlo y con despertares frecuentes. Por tanto, a pesar de que el sueño percibido por los pacientes en la UCI es regular, se considera que este no es reparador; es fundamental entonces que el profesional de enfermería incluya en su plan de cuidado diario la valoración del sueño e identifique las posibles causas que desencadenan su privación, con el fin de minimizarlas mediante la implementación de acciones de cuidado que promuevan un entorno tranquilo y propicio.

Introduction: sleep satisfaction becomes a key aspect to assess in hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), since there is evidence of complications from sleep deprivation, which impacts on the increase of hospital stay, occurrence of delirium and the delay in the return of the patient to the social, labor and emotional life. Objective: To identify the perception of sleep in hospitalized patients in an ICU. Material and methods: Descriptive observational study developed in an ICU in Bogotá, with a sample comprised by 35 patients who were administered the questionnaire RichardsCampbell. Results and conclusions: It was found that the mean total of sleep was 41, which corresponds to regular sleep. When analyzing the scores on each of the items of the questionnaire, it shows that the sleep of these patients was characterized as light, hard to reconcile with frequent awakenings. Therefore, although the sleep perceived by patients in the ICU is regular, it is considered not restful; it is essential then that the nursing staff include in their day care plan the sleep assessment and identify possible causes that trigger its deprivation, in order to minimize them by implementing care actions that promote a peaceful and favorable environment.

Introdução: A satisfação do sono torna-se um aspecto fundamental a ser avaliado em pacientes internados na unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI) pois a evidência mostra complicações derivadas da privação do sono e seu impacto sobre o acréscimo de internação, a aparição de delírium e o atraso na reincorporação do paciente na vida social, laboral e emocional. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção do sono nos pacientes internados numa UTI. Material e métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo, desenvolvido em uma UTI de Bogotá, com amostra conformada por 35 pacientes sobre quem foi aplicado o questionário de Richards-Campbell. Resultados e conclusões: Encontrou-se que a pontuação total meia do sono foi de 41, correspondente a um sono regular. Ao analisar as pontuações obtidas em cada um dos itens do questionário, observa-se que o sono desses pacientes foi caracterizado como leve, difícil de conciliar e com despertares frequentes. Portanto, embora o sono percebido dos pacientes na UTI seja regular, considera-se que este não é reparador. Resulta fundamental, então, o profissional de enfermagem incluir no seu plano de cuido diário a avaliação do sono e mesmo identificar as causas possíveis que desencadeiam a privação, a fim de minimizá-las mediante a implementação de ações de atendimento que promovam um ambiente tranquilo e propício.

Panorama general de la relación enfermera-paciente en algunas unidades de cuidado intensivo en Bogotá / Overview of the nurse-patient relationship in some intensive care units in Bogotá / Panorama geral da relação enfermeiro-paciente em algumas unidades de tratamento intensivo em Bogotá

Introducción: La unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) es un servicio de alta complejidad, cuyo objetivo es brindar un cuidado integral a aquellas personas en condiciones críticas de salud; por tal motivo, es importante contar con el recurso humano de enfermería suficiente, según la complejidad del paciente y la carga de trabajo. Una relación enfermera-paciente puede ser uno de los elementos responsables en la aparición de incidentes y eventos adversos, por lo cual es necesario conocer la situación actual de algunas UCI. Objetivo: Describir la relación enfermera-paciente en algunas UCI de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: Para determinar la relación enfermera-paciente se aplicó una encuesta en 49 UCI de diferentes especialidades. Resultados y conclusiones: El promedio general de la relación enfermera-paciente, teniendo en cuenta todas las UCI e instituciones reportadas, corresponde a una enfermera por cada 5,98 (6) pacientes y a una auxiliar de enfermería por cada 4,59 (5) pacientes. Dadas las condiciones y el tipo de cuidado que ellos requieren, no es una relación adecuada si se compara con estándares internacionales; sin embargo, es imposible confrontarlo con estándares nacionales, porque Colombia no cuenta con lineamientos cuantitativos, aunque sí posee parámetros cualitativos respaldados por las leyes 911 y 266, así como algunos estudios que demuestran la necesidad de aplicar e interpretar adecuadamente herramientas de medición de carga de trabajo, de tal manera que se pueda establecer y sustentar, de la manera más objetiva posible, el número de pacientes por enfermera.

Introduction: The intensive care unit (ICU) is a high-complexity service, which aims to provide comprehensive care to people in critical health conditions; for this reason, it is important to have sufficient nursing human resources according to the patient complexity and the workload. A nurse-patient relationship can be one of the responsible elements for the occurrence of incidents and adverse events, which means it is necessary to know the current status of some ICU. Objective: To describe the nurse-patient relationship in some ICU of Bogota. Materials and Methods: To determine the nursepatient relation a survey was applied in 49 different ICU specialties. Results and Conclusions: The overall average of nurse-patient relationship, taking into account all ICU and reported institutions corresponds to one nurse per every 5.98 (6) patients and a nurse's aide per every 4.59 (5) patients. Given the conditions and the type of care they require it is not a suitable ratio when compared with international standards; however, it is impossible to compare this with national standards, because Colombia does not have quantitative guidelines, although it has qualitative parameters backed by laws 911 and 266, as well as some studies that demonstrate the need for application and proper interpretation of measurement tools of the workload, so the number of patients per nurse can be established and sustained, as objectively as possible

Introdução: A unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI) é um serviço de alta complexidade que visa brindar atendimento integral para pessoas em condições críticas de saúde; por tal razão, é importante contar com suficiente recurso humano de enfermagem, de acordo à acuidade do paciente e a carga de trabalho. A relação enfermeiro-paciente pode ser um elemento responsável pela ocorrência de incidentes e eventos adversos, pelo qual é preciso conhecer a situação atual de algumas UTI. Objetivo: Descrever a relação enfermeiro-paciente em algumas UTI de Bogotá. Materiais e métodos: Para determinar a relação enfermeiro-paciente foi aplicado um inquérito a 49 UTI de diferentes especialidades. Resultados e conclusões: A média geral da relação enfermeiro-paciente, considerando todas as UTI e instituições reportadas, corresponde a um enfermeiro por cada 5,98 (6) pacientes e um auxiliar de enfermagem por cada 4,59 (5) pacientes. Dadas as condições e tipo de cuidado que eles requerem, não é uma relação adequada se comparado com padrões internacionais; no entanto, é impossível confrontá-lo com padrões nacionais porque Colômbia não tem diretrizes quantitativas, embora tenha parâmetros qualitativos respaldados pelas leis 911 e 266, assim como alguns estudos que demostram a necessidade de aplicar e interpretar adequadamente ferramentas de aferição de carga de trabalho, de maneira tal de puder estabelecer e sustentar, do jeito mais objetivo possível, o número de pacientes por enfermeiro.

Efecto de un plan educativo en la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado del paciente con hipertensión arterial en una institución de segundo nivel / Effect of an Educational Plan on the Self-care Management Capacity of Hypertensive Patients at a Second-tier Institution / Efeito de um programa educativo na capacidade de agência de autocuidado do paciente com hipertensão arterial em uma instituição segundo nível

Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de un plan educativo en la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado del paciente hipertenso en una institución de segundo nivel. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención pre y postest, con la participación de 83 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, a quienes se les aplicó el instrumento "Evaluación de la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en el paciente hipertenso" al inicio del estudio y tres meses posteriores a la implementación del plan educativo. Resultados: el plan educativo mejoró tanto la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado global como sus rangos, encontrando significancia estadística con un valor de probabilidad menor de 0,002 y de 0,0001 respectivamente. Conclusiones: las intervenciones educativas estructuradas a partir de la identificación de las necesidades individuales de información, en conjunto con el empoderamiento del individuo y el seguimiento por parte del profesional de enfermería, permiten alcanzar conductas permanentes de autocuidado que facilitan el autoconocimiento, la modificación del comportamiento así como la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an educational plan on the capacity of hypertensive patients at a second-tier institution to manage self-care. Materials and methods: A pre -and post-intervention test was conducted with the participation of 83 patients who had been diagnosed with hypertension. An instrument entitled "Assessment of Self-care Management Capacity among Hypertensive Patients" was applied to this group at the beginning of the study and three months after implementation of the educational plan. Results: The educational plan improved self-care management capacity overall and in the different ranges, showing a statistical significance with a probability value under 0.002 and 0.0001, respectively. Conclusions: Structured educational interventions based on identified individual needs, coupled with individual empowerment and monitoring done by nursing professionals, made it possible to achieve permanent behavior with respect to self-care, facilitating self-knowledge and changes in behavior patterns, in addition to the acquisition of skills and know-how.

Objetivo: o propósito deste artigo foi determinar o efeito de um programa educativo na capacidade de agência de autocuidado do paciente hipertenso em uma instituição de segundo nível. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se um estudo de intervenção pré e pós-teste, com a participação de 83 pacientes com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial, aos quais se aplicou o instrumento "Avaliação da capacidade de agência de autocuidado no paciente hipertenso" ao início do estudo e três meses posteriores à implementação do programa educativo. Resultados: o programa educativo melhorou tanto a capacidade de agência de autocuidado global quanto suas faixas, constatando significância estatística com um valor de probabilidade menor de 0,002 e de 0,0001, respectivamente. Conclusões: as intervenções educativas estruturadas a partir da identificação das necessidades individuais de informação, em conjunto com o empoderamento do indivíduo e o seguimento por parte do profissional de enfermagem, permitem atingir condutas permanentes de autocuidado que facilitam o autoconhe-cimento, a modificação do comportamento, bem como a aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades.

Aplicación de la autoevaluación para el logro de competencias en la administración de medicamentospor vía intradérmica / Applying Self-Evaluation for Gaining Skills in Intradermal Medicine Administration / Aplicação da auto-avaliação para o logro de competências na administração de medicamentos por via intradérmica

Objetivo: identificar el logro de las competencias en la administración de medicamentospor vía intradérmica, a partir de la autoevaluación con una lista de chequeo, en un grupode estudiantes del Pregrado de Enfermería de una universidad privada en Colombia quecursaba la asignatura Administración de Medicamentos. Materiales y métodos: se realizóun estudio observacional evaluativo, en 47 estudiantes, en el primer periodo académicodel 2011. Se utilizó como instrumento una lista de chequeo con 21 ítems que evalúo lascompetencias del proceso de administración de medicamentos por vía intradérmica, lacual se aplicó en dos momentos: el primero, al final de la realización del procedimiento porparte del estudiante en una situación simulada con acompañamiento docente, y el segundo,tres semanas después, cuando el estudiante, de forma independiente, asistió al centrode simulación clínica de la institución, aplicó los pasos referidos para las competenciasdel procedimiento en un paciente simulado, realizó una grabación audiovisual de su actuacióny se autoevaluó de acuerdo con su cumplimiento. Resultados: se confirmó unamejora estadística y significativa de los estudiantes en el logro de las competencias en elproceso de administración de medicamentos por vía intradérmica, comparados los resultadosde dos autoevaluaciones en tiempos diferentes. Se evidenció una menor dispersiónen las calificaciones. Se considera que el modelado docente y la autoevaluación permitenpromover mayor autoaprendizaje y preparación del estudiante. El autoaprendizaje porautoevaluación requiere implementar estrategias motivacionales que se complementancon el modelado docente. Las listas de chequeo se constituyen en una herramienta parareforzar el aprendizaje, así como impactar la autonomía y el desarrollo de habilidades...

The scope of the present paper is to identify the degree of skill in administering medicineintradermally, based on a self-evaluation done through a checklist, in a group of nursingundergraduates from a private university in Colombia who were taking a Medicine Administrationcourse. Methodology involved an evaluative observational study, including 47students, during the first term of 2011. A checklist with 21 items was used to evaluatethe fulfilment of all the steps of the process of the intradermal administration of medicine,which was done by students in two occasions, first in a simulated situation and withteachers present, and afterwards when students independently visited the university’scentre of clinic simulations and performed an intradermal injection on a simulated patient,which was filmed, and then ran the checklist as they watched themselves, concludingthe self-evaluation. Results confirmed a significant statistical improvement whencomparing the results of both self-evaluations, performed at different times. A smallerdispersion was also seen in the evaluations. It was thus concluded that this teachingmodel and the self-evaluations improve the students’ self-learning abilities and their overallpreparation. Self-learning and self-evaluation require the implementation of motivationalstrategies which complement the teaching model. Checklists are therefore toolsthat reinforce the learning process and encourage autonomy and skill improvement...

Objetivo: identificar o logro das competências na administração de medicamentos porvia intradérmica, a partir da auto-avaliação com lista de checagem, em um grupo deestudantes de graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade privada na Colômbiaque cursava a matéria Administração de Medicamentos. Materiais e métodos: realizouseum estudo observacional avaliativo, com 47 estudantes, no primeiro período acadêmicodo ano 2011. Utilizou-se como instrumento uma lista de checagem com 21 itensque avaliou as competências do processo de administração de medicamentos por viaintradérmica, a qual se aplicou em dois momentos: o primeiro, no final da realizaçãodo procedimento por parte do estudante em uma situação simulada com acompanhamentodocente, e o segundo, três semanas depois, quando o estudante, de forma Independiente,assistiu no centro de simulação clínica da instituição, aplicou os passosreferidos para as competências do procedimento em um paciente simulado, realizouuma gravação audiovisual da sua atuação e autoavaliou-se de acordo com seu cumprimento.Resultados: confirmou-se um melhoramento estadístico e significativo dosestudantes no logro das competências no processo de administração de medicamentospor via intradérmica, comparados os resultados de dois auto-avaliações em momentosdiferentes. Evidenciou-se uma menor dispersão nas notas. Considera-se que omodelado docente e a autoavaliação permitem promover maior autoaprendizagem epreparação do estudante. A autoaprendizagem por autoavaliação requer programarestratégias motivacionais que se complementam com o modelado docente. As listasde checagem constituem-se em ferramenta para reforçar a aprendizagem, assim comoimpactar a autonomia e o desenvolvimento de habilidades...

El ruido y las actividades de enfermería: factores perturbadores del sueño / Noise and Nurse Activity: Factors Disturbing Sleep / Barulho e as atividades de enfermagem: fatores perturbadores do sono

En las unidades de cuidado intensivo ningún profesional puede desconocer el medioagresivo a que se expone el paciente crítico y las necesidades insatisfechas, como elsueño; por tal motivo, el profesional de enfermería debe reconocer el sueño como unanecesidad prioritaria en el cuidado del paciente crítico que debe ser satisfecha. Esfundamental que en la práctica diaria se incorpore la valoración integral del patróndel sueño y la identificación de los factores ambientales más frecuentes como el ruidoy las actividades de enfermería, de manera que puedan minimizarse por medio deintervenciones dirigidas a proporcionar un cuidado integral que permita promover elsueño en el paciente crítico como un componente necesario en la recuperación físicay emocional...

No professional can disregard the aggressive environment critical patients are exposedto in intensive-care units, and how their needs, such as sleep, are often interrupted.Due to this, the professional nurse should acknowledge sleep as a priority need in criticalpatient care, which must be satisfied. It is paramount that an integral appraisalof sleep patterns and identification of the more frequent environmental factors such asnoise be incorporated into daily practice, so they can be minimised through interventionsaimed at providing an integral care which includes sleep for critical patients as anecessary component of their physical and emotional recovery...

Nas unidades de cuidados intensivos nenhum profissional pode desconhecer o meioagressivo a que expõe-se o paciente crítico e as necessidades insatisfeitas, como osono; por tal motivo, o profissional de enfermagem deve reconhecer o sono como necessidadeprioritária no cuidado do paciente crítico que deve ser satisfeita. É fundamentalna prática diária incorporar a avaliação integral do padrão do sono e a identificaçãodos fatores ambientais mais frequentes como o barulho e as atividades de enfermagem,de maneira que puderem se minimizar por meio de intervenções encaminhadas a proporcionarum cuidado integral que permita promover o sono no paciente crítico comocomponente necessário na recuperação física e emocional...

Participación familiar en el cuidado de pacientes críticos: una propuesta de fundamentación teórica / Family involvement in the care of critically ill patients: a theoretical proposal / Participação familiar no atendimento de pacientes críticos: proposta de fundamentação teórica

Desde su creación, las unidades de cuidado intensivo se han concebido como espacios cerrados por el riesgo que supone la condición crítica de los pacientes y la complejidad de su estado de salud; sin embargo, con el trascurrir del tiempo, las experiencias de los profesionales de la salud y la incorporación de diferentes teorías de enfermería en el cuidado de los pacientes han hecho cada vez más evidentes las necesidades familiares y de los enfermos, y ello ha impulsado el estudio de la participación familiar en la satisfacción de dichas necesidades y en la recuperación del paciente. Por tal motivo, es necesario que la participación familiar se convierta en una prioridad y realidad en las unidades de cuidado intensivo. Este artículo busca mostrar la importancia del proceso de participación familiar y propone la posibilidad de operacionalizarlo en el cuidado del paciente crítico, a través de la aplicación de una teoría como la de Rosemarie Parse, cuya fundamentación teórica se correlaciona con el proceso de participación familiar y permite articular los elementos disciplinares en la práctica profesional. Para ello, este artículo de revisión de literatura se deriva de los lineamientos internacionales de participación familiar y se integra con los referentes de una macroteoría denominada hombre-vida-salud.

Since its inception, intensive care units are designed as restricted spaces because of the risk posed by the critical condition of the patients and the complexity of their health status, but with the elapse of time, the experiences of health professionals and the incorporation of different theories of nursing in the care of patients, the needs of family and patients have become increasingly apparent , and this has prompted the study of family involvement in meeting those needs and in the patient recovery. For this reason, it is necessary that family involvement becomes a priority and reality in intensive care units. This article shows the importance of family involvement and offers the possibility to operationalize it in critical patient care through the application of a theory such as Rosemarie Parse´s, whose theoretical foundation is correlated with the process of family involvement and can articulate the disciplinary elements in professional practice. For this, this article, which is the result of a literature review, is derived from international guidelines for family involvement and integrates with the models of a macro theory called man living-health.

Desde a sua criação, as unidades de terapia intensiva conceberam-se como espaços fechados pelo risco que supõe a condição crítica dos pacientes e a complexidade do seu estado de saúde; mas com o decorrer do tempo, as experiências dos profissionais da saúde e a incorporação de diferentes teorias de enfermagem no cuidado dos pacientes fizeram cada vez mais evidentes as necessidades familiares e dos enfermos, o que impulsiona o estudo da participação familiar na satisfação de tais necessidades e na recuperação do paciente. Por tal ração é necessário que a participação familiar mude em prioridade e realidade nas unidades de terapia intensiva. Este artigo procura mostrar a importância do processo de participação familiar e propõe a possibilidade de operacionalizá-lo no cuidado do paciente crítico, através da aplicação de uma teoria como a de Rosemarie Parse, cuja fundamentação teórica está correlacionada com o processo de participação familiar e permite articularem os elementos disciplinares na prática profissional. Para isso, este artigo de revisão de literatura é derivado das diretrizes internacionais de participação familiar e integra-se com os referentes de uma macroteoria nomeada homem-vida-saúde