L'ectopie rénale: à propos de 43 cas colligés en milieu hospitalier en Côte d'Ivoire

La présente étude s'est proposé de décrire les caractéristiques de l'ectopie rénale en milieu hospitalier en Côte d'Ivoire afin d'en identifier les particularités. Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive avec une collecte rétrospective des données des patients hospitalisés et/ou reçus en consultation dans le service de Néphrologie du CHU de Yopougon à Abidjan entre Janvier 1991 et Décembre 2015. Le diagnostic d'ectopie rénale a été posé à l'imagerie médicale devant la présence de structure rénale individualisable en dehors de la fosse lombaire haute. Nous avons relevé 43 cas d'ectopie rénale sur 22 197 dossiers de patients, soit une prévalence de 0,19 %. Le sex-ratio était de 1,5. L'âge moyen des patients était de 35,4 ans. Les circonstances de découverte étaient représentées par les douleurs abdominales (48,84 %). Il s'agissait essentiellement d'ectopie rénale simple (95,35 %) en position pelvienne (74,41 %). L'ectopie rénale croisée a été notée chez deux patients et l'ectopie bilatérale chez quatre dont un cas de fusion en fer à cheval. Un patient avait un rein pelvien associé à une agénésie rénale controlatérale. Quatre cas d'anomalies urologiques ont été observés. L'agénésie utérine et l'ectopie testiculaire étaient les anomalies génitales retrouvées. Les complications étaient essentiellement les douleurs abdominales récidivantes (83,34 %) suivies de l'infection récidivante du tractus urinaire (8,33 %) et la lithiase rénale (8,33 %). L'ectopie rénale représente une entité uro-néphrologique peu fréquente en milieu hospitalier. Ses caractéristiques dans notre travail ne diffèrent pas de ce qui est décrit dans la littérature. Les risques inhérents à la position pelvienne fréquente ainsi que les possibilités de complications urologiques justifient un dépistage précoce et une surveillance à visée préventive

Risk factors for chronic renal failure in Ivory Coast: a prospective study of 280 patients.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) represents the major cause of mortality in the nephrology unit in Ivory Coast because the means for appropriate management are lacking. The present study was performed to investigate the risk factors for CRF so that strategies for prevention could be elaborated. A case-control study was performed prospectively at the Yopougon Teaching Hospital in Abidjan from January 2006 to December 2006. Factors known to cause CRF were investigated in patients and controls. Their prevalence rates were compared with the general population. A total of 280 patients and 113 controls were recruited. The mean age of the patients was 37.88 ± 13.33 years and that of the controls was 41.5 ± 9.72 years. Both genders were equally represented. The main causes of CRF were chronic glomerulonephritis (47.48%), with HIV infection accounting for 15% of them, and essential hypertension (HTA) (25%). Essential HTA represented the only factor which, if untreated, inevitably leads to CRF. Thus, our study indicates that HTA is a major public health concern. All efforts should be implemented to reduce the high prevalence of HTA and the deleterious effect of this disorder in Ivory Coast.

Impact of renal failure on survival of African patients with cirrhosis.

To assess the effect of renal failure on the survival of black African patients with cirrhosis, we studied 132 (82 males, 50 females) cirrhotic black African patients with mean age of 47.5+/-14.4 years and mean follow-up period of 373+/-194 days. The edema and ascitis were the main reasons for admission to hospital. Renal failure was present in 30 (22.7%) patients, and it was positively correlated to the severity of the stage of the liver disease, and associated with severe hyponatremia. Survival at 1 year was 60.1% and 37.6% in the absence or presence of renal failure, respectively (p<0.001)). The stage of the liver disease was significantly inversely correlated with survival, which was further diminished in the presence of renal failure:23.7% versus 12.5% for Child-Pugh-Turcote (CPT) A-B in the absence or presence of renal failure, respectively (p=0.67), 30.2% versus 81.8% for CPT C in the absence or the presence of renal failure respectively (p<0.001). Hyponatremia has also appeared detrimental to survival, since mortality was 38.4% versus 81.8% in the absence or the presence of hyponatremia respectively (p<0.001). By multivariate analysis, renal failure, CPT stage C, and hyponatremia independently significantly correlated to mortality in patients with cirrhosis. We conclude that renal failure is frequently associated with decompensated cirrhosis. The presence of renal failure in this setting often results in high mortality. Renal failure that occurs in the setting of a severe liver disease and hyponatremia may be part of hepatorenal syndrome.

Child-Pugh-Turcott versus Meld score for predicting survival in a retrospective cohort of black African cirrhotic patients.

AIM: To compare the performance of the Child-Pugh-Turcott (CPT) score to that of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in predicting survival of a retrospective cohort of 172 Black African patients with cirrhosis on a short and mid-term basis. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate (Cox model) analyses were used to identify factors related to mortality. Relationship between the two scores was appreciated by calculating the correlation coefficient. The Kaplan Meier method and the log rank test were used to elaborate and compare survival respectively. The Areas Under the Curves were used to compare the performance between scores at 3, 6 and 12 mo. RESULTS: The study population comprised 172 patients, of which 68.9% were male. The mean age of the patient was 47.5 +/- 13 years. Hepatitis B virus infection was the cause of cirrhosis in 70% of the cases. The overall mortality was 31.4% over 11 years of follow up. Independent factors significantly associated with mortality were: CPT score (HR = 3.3, 95% CI [1.7-6.2]) (P < 0.001) (stage C vs stage A-B); Serum creatine (HR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.4-4.3]) (P = 0.001) (Serum creatine > 1.5 mg/dL versus serum creatine < 1.5 mg/dL); MELD score (HR = 2.9, 95% CI [1.63-5.21]) (P < 0.001) (MELD > 21 vs MELD < 21). The area under the curves (AUC) that predict survival was 0.72 and 0.75 at 3 mo (P = 0.68), 0.64 and 0.62 at 6 mo (P = 0.67), 0.69 and 0.64 at 12 mo (P = 0.38) respectively for the CPT score and the MELD score. CONCLUSION: The CPT score displays the same prognostic significance as does the MELD score in black African patients with cirrhosis. Moreover, its handling appears less cumbersome in clinical practice as compared to the latter.