Psychometric Properties of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale in a Colombian Manager Sample.

Within the organizational field, emotional intelligence is linked to socially competent behaviors, which allow the development of labor and organizational abilities necessary for professional development. Thus, in workers, emotional intelligence is related to a wide range of organizational variables. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in the Colombian context, specifically, in a population of managers. The study was instrumental. The sample consists of 489 Colombian managers, obtained through non-probability sampling (a purposive sample), who work in companies located in Bogota. The results indicated that the four-factor oblique model presents favorable fit indices, as well as the higher-order model, the latter having additional theoretical support. These results indicate that it is possible to consider partial scores for each of the four factors of the WLEIS, as well as an overall emotional-intelligence score. Also, the WLEIS scores have validity evidence based on relations to other variables (convergent and discriminant evidence) and are reliable. These first findings for Colombian managers contribute to the accumulation of international evidence of emotional intelligence measured with the WLEIS.

Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Internet Addiction Test in Peruvian University Students.

The use of the Internet has been gradually and unstoppably gaining ground in all areas of life, from recreational activities to how social relations are established. However, the existence of clinical cases indicates that the addictive use of the Internet is a problem that seriously affects some people. Among the instruments that measure this construct, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) stands out. However, instrumental studies of this test are scarce in Latin America. The present study sought to analyze the psychometric properties of the IAT in a sample of 227 Peruvian undergraduate university students. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to provide validity evidence based on the internal structure, and evidence based on the relationship with other variables was also provided. Reliability was estimated through the ordinal alpha coefficient. The results indicated that the IAT adequately fits a bifactor model (with two specific factors, time/control and stress/compensate), obtaining good levels of reliability. Additionally, the IAT scores correlate significantly with the average number of hours per day on the internet and social skills. The results lead to the conclusion that the scores in the IAT have evidence of validity and reliability for its use.

Los valores y el control de problemas de agencia en empresas de familia / Values and control of agency problems in family businesses / Os valores e o controle de problemas de agência em empresas familiares

Resumen Introducción. Este estudio busca la conceptualización y contextualización de los valores y las relaciones entre principal y agente en empresas de familia. La fundamentación teórica se realiza desde la teoría de la agencia y estudios empíricos relacionados. Objetivo. Analizar la relación de los valores y el control de problemas de agencia entre principales y agentes unidos por vínculo familiar. Materiales y métodos. Son de tipo cualitativo y buscan explicar la hipótesis formulada. El tratamiento de los datos se realizó a partir de la teoría de juegos, la propuesta de implementaciones y el diseño de mecanismos. Se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad como técnica de investigación, precedida por un análisis descriptivo con datos recolectados previamente. La recolección de los datos estuvo orientado a obtener las perspectivas y los puntos de vista de los participantes. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante el software ATLAS.ti. Resultados. Permitieron; por una parte, identificar los valores familiares transmitidos de los padres a los hijos y cómo se convierten en acuerdos implícitos de cómo manejar la actuación de la familia y su relación con la empresa; por otra, aceptar la hipótesis formulada. Conclusión. Se determinó que los valores son una variable importante en la reducción del riesgo moral y de selección adversa en el control de problemas de agencia, así como la existencia del mercado como principal externo interviniente y su contribución para consolidar las empresas de familia, en la medida en que, puedan existir múltiples principales y agentes.

Abstract Introduction: This study seeks to conceptualize and contextualize the values and relationships between principal and agent in family businesses. The theoretical foundation is drawn from the theory of agency and related empirical studies. Objective: Analyze the relationship of values and the control of agency problems between principals and agents united by a family link. Materials and methods: These are qualitative and seek to explain the hypothesis formulated. The treatment of the data was made from game theory, proposal of implementations, and design of mechanisms. The in-depth interview was used as a main research technique, preceded by a descriptive analysis with data previously collected. The data collection was oriented to obtain the perspectives and the points of view of the participants. The data analysis was performed using the ATLAS.ti software. Results: On the one hand, the results allowed to identify the family values transmitted from parents to children and how they become implicit agreements on how to manage the family's actions and their relationship with the company. On the other, the results allowed to accept the hypothesis formulated. Conclusion: Values were determined to be an important variable in the reduction of moral risk and adverse selection in the control of agency problems, as well as the existence of the market as the intervening external principal and its contribution to consolidate family businesses, to the extent in which there may be multiple principals and agents.

Resumo Introdução. Este estudo procura a conceitualização e contextualização dos valores e as relações entre principal e agente em empresas de família. A fundamentação teórica se realiza desde a teoria da agência e estudos empíricos relacionados. Objetivo. Analisar a relação dos valores e o controle dos problemas de agência entre principais e agentes unidos pelo vínculo familiar. Materiais e métodos. São de tipo qualitativo e procuram explicar a hipótese formulada. O tratamento dos dados realizou-se a partir da teoria de jogos, a proposta de implementações e o desenho de mecanismos. Utilizou-se a entrevista em profundidade como técnica de pesquisa, precedida pela análise descritiva com dados coletados previamente. A coleta dos dados esteve orientada para obter as perspectivas e os pontos de vista dos participantes. A análise de dados realizou-se mediante o software ATLAS. ti. Resultados. Permitiram; por uma parte, identificar os valores familiares transmitidos dos país aos filhos e como se convertem em acordos implícitos de como dirigir a atuação da família e sua relação com a empresa; pela outra, aceitar a hipótese formulada. Conclusão. Determinou-se que os valores são uma variável importante na redução do risco moral e de seleção adversa no controle de problemas de agência, assim como a existência do mercado como principal externo interveniente e sua contribuição para consolidar as empresas de família, na medida en que, posam existir múltiplos principais e agentes.

Validation of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale for Chilean managers / Validación de la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Wong y Law en gerentes chilenos

Abstract The Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, WLEIS, is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotional intelligence in the world. This scale was designed for the work context and evaluates the assessment and expression of a person's emotions, the assessment and recognition of emotions in others, the regulation of a person's emotions, and the use of emotion to aid performance. However, in the Chilean context, there have been no studies on the validity of WLEIS for senior management within firms. The present study seeks to obtain evidence of validity based on WLEIS' internal structure using a sample of 100 Chilean managers. This is an instrumental type study. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the dimensions of WLEIS, which presented adequate levels of reliability. The average scores in the factors were then compared according to age, sex, and level of educational. The implications of these findings are discussed in the last section.

Resumen La Escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Wong y Law, WLEIS, es uno de los instrumentos para la medición de la inteligencia emocional más utilizados en el mundo. Esta escala fue diseñada para el contexto laboral y evalúa la valoración y expresión de las emociones propias, valoración y reconocimiento de las emociones en otros, regulación de las propias emociones y el uso de las emociones para facilitar el desempeño. No obstante, en el contexto chileno no existen estudios sobre la validación del WLEIS en altos mandos gerenciales dentro de las empresas. El presente estudio busca obtener evidencias de validez basada en la estructura interna del WLEIS en una muestra de 100 gerentes chilenos. El estudio es de tipo instrumental. A través de un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, se corroboraron las dimensiones de WLEIS, que presentaron niveles adecuados de fiabilidad. Luego, se compararon los puntajes promedios en los factores según edad, género y nivel educativo. Las implicaciones de estos hallazgos son discutidas sobre la literatura existente en el campo.

Atributos de Liderazgo Policíal / Attributes Of Police Leadership / Atributos del Liderazgo Policial

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los atributos del liderazgo policial y sus relaciones, asociados a las dimensiones del ser, saber, saber hacer y saber estar del funcionario de policía. El diseño metodológico utilizado es de tipo mixto. El estudio empírico se realizó con una ejecución secuencial. Primero, se recolectaron y analizaron datos cualitativos que luego soportaron la recolección e interpretación de datos cuantitativos. El método de recolección de datos es de carácter exploratorio secuencial (DEXPLOS) con una modalidad derivativa, ya que se construyó una fundamentación teórico-conceptual, y se obtuvieron datos cualitativos mediante la técnica de grupos de discusión (primer instrumento) y, a su vez, datos cuantitativos a través de una encuesta de clima institucional (segundo instrumento), con el propósito de garantizar una muestra representativa para la validación de los atributos. Los resultados obtenidos identifican mediante la técnica grupos de discusión y, posterior validación con la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales que, los atributos -honor policial, vocación de servicio, credibilidad y confianza, adaptabilidad y flexibilidad, visión e innovación- son esenciales e indisociables al líder policial.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to identify the attributes of police leadership and their relationships, associated with the dimensions of to be, to know, know-how, and know to be of the police officer. The methodological design used is of mixed type. For empirical study, the approach was sequential. First, qualitative data was collected and analysed, which then supported the collection and interpretation of quantitative data. The method of data collection is of a sequential exploratory nature (DEXPLOS) with a derivative modality: a theoretical-conceptual foundation was constructed, and qualitative data was obtained in focus groups (first tool) and, then, quantitative data was obtained from the results of a survey on the institutional climate (second tool), with the purpose of guaranteeing a representative sample for the validation of the police leader's attributes. The results obtained identify through the technique discussion groups and, later validation with the technique of structural equations, that the attributes -police honour, service vocational, credibility and trust, adaptability and effectiveness, vision and innovation- are essentials and inseparables from police leader.

Resumo A finalidade deste artigo é identificar os atributos da liderança das polícias e a seus relacionamentos, asociados com as dimensões de vê, para saber, know-how, e sabem a vê do oficial de polícias. Methodological o projeto usado é de tipo misturado. Empírico para o estudo, a aproximação era seqüencial. Primeiro, as datas qualitative foram coletadas e analisadas, que suportaram então a coleção e a interpretação de datas quantitative. O método da coleção das datas é à natureza exploratory seqüencial (DEXPLOS) com a modality derivative: à fundação teórico-conceptual foi construído, e as datas qualitative foram obtidas em grupos de foco (primeira ferramenta) e, as datas quantitative foram obtidas então dos resultados ao exame institutional no clima (segunda ferramenta), com a finalidade de garantir à amostra representativa para o validation dos atributos do líder das polícias. Os resultados obtidos identificam através dos grupos de discussão da técnica e, a um validation mais atrasado com a técnica de equações estruturais, aquele os atributos - policie a honra, o serviço vocacional, o credibility e a confiança, o adaptability e a eficácia, os fundamentos dos arados da visão e da inovação e o inseparable das polícias ao líder.

Emotional Intelligence in Latin American Managers: An exploratory study / Inteligencia Emocional in Gerentes Latinoamericanos: Un estudio exploratorio

Abstract By means of an exploratory study with a sample of 614 managers, we established the characterization of emotional intelligence (EI) in Latin American managers from Guatemala, Chile, and Colombia. We analyzed the ability to perceive, appraise, and express emotion, both their own and those of others, as reflected in the concept of EI and its impact on the personal and professional achievements of Latin American managers. The results show that respondents have high capacity to assess and recognize their own emotions, low capacity to assess and understand the emotions of their team members, high capacity for self-control of their emotions in extreme moods, and high capacity to direct their emotions toward achieving competence.

Resumen Mediante un estudio exploratorio aplicado a 614 gerentes de Guatemala, Chile y Colombia, se establece la caracterización de la inteligencia emocional (IE) de gerentes latinoamericanos, capacidad de percibir, valorar y expresar emociones, propias y ajenas, reflejada en el concepto de IE y su impacto en los logros personales y profesionales de los gerentes latinoamericanos. Los resultados muestran que los encuestados tienen una gran capacidad para evaluar y reconocer sus propias emociones, baja capacidad para evaluar y comprender las emociones de los miembros de su equipo de trabajo, alta capacidad de autocontrol de sus emociones en estados de ánimo extremos y alta capacidad para dirigir sus emociones hacia el logro de sus competencias.

Characterization of Emotional Intelligence in Colombian Managers / Caracterización de la inteligencia emocional en gerentes colombianos

Through a quantitative empirical study with a sample of557 managers from Colombia, the characterization of emotional intelligence (EI) in Colombian managers is established using the Emotional Intelligence Scale of Wong and Law (2002). The study analyses the ability to perceive, appraise and express emotion, own and others, as reflected in the concept of (EI) and its impact on the personal and professional achievements of Colombian managers. The results show that respondents have high capacity to assess and recognize their own emotions, low capacity to assess and understand the emotions of their team members, high capacity for self-control of their emotions in extreme moods, and high capacity to direct their emotions toward achieving competence.

Mediante un estudio empírico de tipo cuantitativo aplicado en 557 gerentes de Colombia, se establece la caracterización de la Inteligencia Emocional (IE) en los gerentes colombianos, usando la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Wong y Law (2002). Se trata de conocer la capacidad de percibir, valorar y expresar emociones, propias y ajenas, reflejada en el concepto de IE y su impacto en los logros personales y profesionales de los gerentes colombianos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los encuestados tienen alta capacidad para valorar y reconocer sus propias emociones; baja capacidad para valorar y comprender la emociones de los miembros de su equipo; alta capacidad de autocontrol de sus emociones en estados de ánimo extremos y alta capacidad para orientar sus emociones hacia el logro de sus competencias.