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1.
Andes Pediatr ; 92(2): 226-233, 2021 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34106161

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of asthma in Chile ranges from 10.2 to 14.9%. In previous studies, the Araucanía Region has not been included. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of asthma in the school po pulation of the Araucanía Region. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The ISAAC questionnaires were used for asthma symptoms in addition to a questionnaire for recording sociodemographic data, belonging to the Mapuche ethnicity, type of heating, exposure to indoor air pollution, and family history. The Binomial Regression Model was used to evaluate the effect of each of the different variables of inter est, adjusting by age groups (6-7 and 13-14 years). The model also evaluated the additive interaction between these variables and age. RESULTS: 823 surveys were applied, where the prevalence of asthma was 14.2% and 23.2% in the 6-7 year old group and the 13-14 year old group, respectively. 43.7% de clare to be Mapuche, 32.9% live in rural areas, and 81.4% use firewood as a heating method. Through binomial regression model analysis, where for the study group, living in the coastal commune was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of asthma (-13.2% [CI: -17.7 to -8.6]. The history of an asthmatic mother was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of asthma (17.9% [CI: 2.7 to 33.1]. Living in a rural area, to be Mapuche or the type of heating used, showed differences statistically significant (p 0.18, p 0.609 and p 0.480, respectively) Conclusion: 13-14 year-olds school children in the Araucanía Region presented a higher prevalence of asthma. There was an association with asthma in the mother where this increase is not associated with living in a rural area, to be Ma puche or type of heating.


Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Indigenous Peoples/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Air Pollution, Indoor/statistics & numerical data , Asthma/ethnology , Child , Chile/epidemiology , Chile/ethnology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Heating/methods , Humans , Mothers , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Rural Population
2.
Rev. chil. cir ; 43(1): 32-5, mar. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-98459

ABSTRACT

Cincuenta y nueve pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal electiva recibieron preparación de colon por vía anterógrada y profilaxis antibiótica en dosis única con ceftriaxona y ornidazol. La preparación utilizada fue bien tolerada, obteniendo una adecuada limpieza del lumen intestinal y minimizando las alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas y del equilibrio ácido-base. No hubo sepsis ni complicaciones sépticas graves intraabdominales.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Colonic Diseases/drug therapy , Ornidazole/therapeutic use , Rectal Diseases/drug therapy , Colonic Diseases/surgery , Rectal Diseases/surgery
3.
Rev. chil. cir ; 43(1): 82-5, mar. 1991. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-98471

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una serie de 24 pacientes sometidos a cirugía carotídea. Entre los métodos de monitoreo cerebral los más difundidos son el EEG y la presión carotídea retrógrada. Una nueva alternativa no conocida entre nosotros es la medición continua de los potenciales evocados somato-sensitivos. En 8 se midió simultáneamente la presión carotídea retrógrada. Fueron operados con o sin shunt transitorio con tiempo medio de oclusión de 23 y 21 minutos respectivamente. El registro se realizó estimulando a través del nervio mediano contralateral. En 23 pacientes no hubo evidencias de isquemia cerebral durante el procedimiento manteniéndose invariable la morfología y latencia de la onda precoz. En el restante sí la hubo, desapareciendo prácticamente la onda evocada precoz, alteración que se revierte al instalar el shunt transitorio. Todos los pacientes despiertan sin daño neurológico. Se concluye que este método de monitoreo de la función cerebral global, no invasivo y de fácil interpretación ha resultado ser un excelente sensor de isquemia cerebral durante la cirugía carotídea, ayudando además a decidir la instalación de un shunt transitorio cuando este se emplea en forma selectiva.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Carotid Arteries/surgery , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory , Cerebrovascular Circulation
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