Hybrid AuNPs-3MPS-MTX nanosystem and its evaluation for treating cervical cancer and melanoma.

This research presents an evaluation of a hybrid material based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), stabilized with the thiol 3-mercapto-propanesulfonate (3MPS) and loaded with the methotrexate drug (MTX). The AuNPs-3MPS-MTX nanosystem was tested for the treatment of cervical cancer and melanoma, using the B16-F10 melanoma and HeLa cell lines. The tests performed on cell cultures assessed the efficiency of the studied nanosystem on tumor cells, as well as its toxicology.

Evaluación angiográfica de la distribución anatómica de la irrigación sanguínea del ángulo esplénico del colon en población chilena

Objetivo: Identificar los patrones de distribución vascular del ángulo esplénico del colon (AEC) en la población chilena para su comparación con la literatura oriental (Fukuoka). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se caracterizó la irrigación del AEC de imágenes con protocolo Urotac realizadas en Clínica INDISA entre el año 2020 y 2021 (n = 127), clasificándolas dentro de 6 tipos descritos por Fukuoka. Se evaluaron características demográficas y comorbilidades. Las variables fueron analizadas utilizando estadística descriptiva y la significancia mediante la prueba Chi2. Resultados: Existen diferencias en los tipos irrigación del AEC entre la serie local y Fukuoka, la irrigación tipo 3 fue la que presentó mayor variación (p < 0,05). El tipo 1 es la más frecuente (34,7%), sin casos del Tipo 4. No se identificó diferencia entre los distintos tipos de irrigación con relación a las variables demográficas y comorbilidades. Discusión: Al comparar nuestra serie con la oriental se evidenció similar frecuencia en tipos 1 y 6, mayor en tipos 3 y 5, y tipos 2 y 4 con menor representación. Se identificó un mayor aporte en la irrigación del AEC por la arteria cólica izquierda (ACI) en la población estudiada (64,6%). Conclusión: Nuestra población tiene mayor participación de ACI en irrigación del AEC que orientales (64,6% vs 49,6%), los tipos más frecuentes son 1, 3 y 6, el Tipo 1 es la forma más frecuente de irrigación, similar a Fukuoka (34,7% vs 39,7%), Tipo 3 tiene mayor representación en nuestra población que en la oriental (29,9% vs 9,9%).

Objective: To identify the vascular distribution patterns of the splenic flexure of the colon (AEC) in the Chilean population for comparison with the oriental literature (Fukuoka). Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The irrigation of the AEC of images with the Urotac protocol performed at the INDISA Clinic between 2020 and 2021 (n = 127) was characterized, classifying them into 6 types described by Fukuoka. Demographic characteristics and comorbidities were evaluated. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and significance using the Chi2 test. Results: There are differences in the types of irrigation of the AEC between the local series and Fukuoka, irrigation type 3 was the one that presented the greatest variation (p < 0.05). Type 1 is the most frequent (34.7%), with no cases of Type 4. No difference was identified between the different types of irrigation in relation to demographic variables and comorbidities. Discussion: When comparing our series with the eastern one, a similar frequency was found in types 1 and 6, higher in types 3 and 5, and types 2 and 4 with less representation. A greater contribution was identified in the irrigation of the AEC by the left colic artery (ICA) in the population studied (64.6%). Conclusion: Our population has a greater participation of ICA in AEC irrigation than Orientals (64.6% vs 49.6%), the most frequent types are 1, 3 and 6, Type 1 is the most frequent form of irrigation, similar to Fukuoka (34.7% vs 39.7%), Type 3 is more represented in our population than in the eastern one (29.9% vs 9.9%).

The effects of sugammadex vs. neostigmine on postoperative respiratory complications and advanced healthcare utilisation: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Reversing neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex can eliminate residual paralysis, which has been associated with postoperative respiratory complications. There are equivocal data on whether sugammadex reduces these when compared with neostigmine. We investigated the association of the choice of reversal drug with postoperative respiratory complications and advanced healthcare utilisation. We included adult patients who underwent surgery and received general anaesthesia with sugammadex or neostigmine reversal at two academic healthcare networks between January 2016 and June 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative respiratory complications, defined as post-extubation oxygen saturation < 90%, respiratory failure requiring non-invasive ventilation, or tracheal re-intubation within 7 days. Our main secondary outcome was advanced healthcare utilisation, a composite outcome including: 7-day unplanned intensive care unit admission; 30-day hospital readmission; or non-home discharge. In total, 5746 (6.9%) of 83,250 included patients experienced postoperative respiratory complications. This was not associated with the reversal drug (adjusted OR (95%CI) 1.01 (0.94-1.08); p = 0.76). After excluding patients admitted from skilled nursing facilities, 8372 (10.5%) patients required advanced healthcare utilisation, which was not associated with the choice of reversal (adjusted OR (95%CI) 0.95 (0.89-1.01); p = 0.11). Equivalence testing supported an equivalent effect size of sugammadex and neostigmine on both outcomes, and neostigmine was non-inferior to sugammadex with regard to postoperative respiratory complications or advanced healthcare utilisation. Finally, there was no association between the reversal drug and major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted OR 1.07 (0.94-1.21); p = 0.32). Compared with neostigmine, reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex was not associated with a reduction in postoperative respiratory complications or post-procedural advanced healthcare utilisation.

Calidad higiénico-sanitaria de dos sistemas de ordeño en fincas bovinas ubicadas en el sector Vuelta Larga, municipio Maturín, estado Monagas (Venezuela) / Hygienic-sanitary quality of two milking systems in bovine farms located in sector Vuelta Larga, Maturín municipal state, Monagas state (Venezuela)

RESUMEN El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la calidad higiénico-sanitaria de dos sistemas de ordeño en fincas bovinas del municipio Maturín estado Monagas (Venezuela). El ensayo tuvo una duración de seis semanas, se calculó la eficiencia higiénica (%EH) de las instalaciones, el personal, la rutina de ordeño, la limpieza-desinfección y el almacenamiento-transporte de dos unidades de producción. Adicionalmente, se determinó la población de bacterias aerobias mesófilas (BAM) que se cuantificaron en un experimento en bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial de los tratamientos (2x2) donde el factor A, correspondió al sistema de ordeño manual y mecánico y el factor B, a la aplicación y omisión de secado de los pezones de cada animal previo al ordeño. La variable se examinó por análisis de varianza y sus valores promedios comparados por Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. El %EH de las fincas evaluadas fue de 66,66% para la finca 2 y de 54,84% para la finca 1, considerados no satisfactorios. Los resultados obtenidos para la variable BAM indican que el factor sistema de ordeño mostró diferencia altamente significativa (p ≤ 0,01); el sistema manual presentó el menor conteo con 5,24 Log10 UFC/ mL; mientras que para el factor condición de secado se constató diferencia significativa (p ≤ 0,05), ya que la aplicación de secado presentó la menor población de bacterias aerobias mesófilas con 5,25 Log10 UFC/mL. Las medidas higiénicas y sanitarias implementadas en la rutina de ordeño influyeron directamente en la calidad de la leche cruda.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present investigation, was to evaluate the 'Hygienic-Sanitary Quality of two Milking Systems in Bovine Farms' in Vuelta Larga Sector, Maturín City, Monagas State (Venezuela). The trial lasted six weeks, in which the Hygienic Efficiency (% EH) of the facilities, the workers, the milking routine, the cleaning and disinfection measures and the storage and transport of both milking systems, were calculated. Furthermore, the population of Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria (BAM) was determined ; The data were processed following a distribution in random blocks with factorial arrangement (2x2) whose factor A represented the milking system: manual and mechanical, and the factor B was the application and omission of manual drying of teats for each animal prior to milking. The percentage of Hygienic Efficiency (% EH) of the farms evaluated was not satisfactory, corresponding to 66.66% in the farm 2 and 54.84% in the farm 1. The variable was examined by analysis of variance and its mean values compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Factor A achieved a highly significant difference (p ≤0.01), with the manual system obtaining the lowest count with 5.24 Log10 CFU / mL. In factor B significant difference was found (p≤0.05), the drying application decreased the BAM population with 5.25 Log10 CFU / mL. The Hygienic and Sanitary measures implemented in the milking routine directly influence the quality of raw milk.

Dosimetric properties of KMgF3:Tb + PTFE.

This work presents the results obtained from the dosimetric properties of the new radiation detectors of KMgF3:Tb + PTFE. The thermoluminescent material was obtained by microwave technique. The polycrystalline powder obtained was mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene resin powder in the ratio 2:3 to make dosimeters in pellet form. The thermoluminescent response of these new detectors presented a linear behavior, in the dose range between 1 and 1000 Gy 60Co gamma radiation, the repeatability test in the measurements, during ten cycles of heat treatment, irradiation and readouts, showed ±â€¯3.7% DS, the stability test of thermoluminescent signal, during two months showed that the fading is practically null. For the results obtained, this new detector could be very useful for radiation dosimetry, in clinical applications.

Latrodectismo. Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Latrodectism Case report and review of literature

El latrodectismo es un cuadro clínico causado por la mordedura de una araña del género Latrodectus spp., ampliamente distribuido en todo Chile continental. Generalmente las mordeduras se asocian a faenas agrícolas. El veneno del género Latrodectus contiene α-latrotoxina, una neurotoxina que actúa a nivel presináptico del sistema nervioso autónomo aumentando la liberación de acetilcolina. El cuadro clínico es inespecífico y hasta en un tercio de los casos ocurren síntomas sistémicos. El diagnóstico es clínico y depende del antecedente de la mordedura por una araña con un cuadro clínico compatible. El pronóstico es favorable: se reporta una letalidad entre 0 y 6 por ciento. El manejo es esencialmente sintomático, principalmente analgésico. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 62 años, proveniente de Santa Cruz, VI región, trabajador en una plantación de trigo. Consultapor dolor torácico asociado a mialgias generalizadas y diaforesis. Por sospecha de latrodectismo, se administra neostigmina con buena respuesta clínica.(AU)

Latrodectism is a clinical entity caused by the bite of a spider of the genus Latrodectus spp. widely distributed throughout continental Chile. Generally, bites are associated with agricultural activities. The venom of spiders of the genus Latrodectus contains α-latrotoxin, a neurotoxin that acts at the presynaptic level of the autonomic nervous system, this way increases the release of acetylcholine. The clinical manifestations are non-specific and systemic symptoms occur in up to one-third of the cases. The diagnosis is clinical and depends on the history of being bitten by a spider with a compatible clinical presentation. The prognosis is favorable: a lethality between 0 and 6 percent has been reported. The clinical management is essentially symptomatic, mainly analgesic. We present the case of a 62-year-old man from Santa Cruz, VI region, working in a wheat farm. He attends the emergency service with chest pain associated with generalized myalgias and diaphoresis. On suspicion of latrodectism, neostigmine is administered with goodclinical response. (AU)

Impacto de una capacitación en trastornos depresivos para médicos generales de atención primaria en salud: Resultados cualitativos / Qualitative impact of a training program on depressive disorders for primary care physicians

Background: There are suggestions that, despite training efforts for Primary Health Care physicians, difficulties in making accurate diagnoses and timely treatments persist. Aim: To evaluate the impact of a new training model in Depressive disorders integrated with Mindful Practice, on the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of primary care general physicians. Material and Methods: A voluntary sample of 56 general physicians was studied. The design of this study was experimental and randomized, with two groups attending theoretical sessions followed by differing workshops that were carried out in a parallel fashion. The Quantitative phase of this study considered measuring the impact of training in physician s skills. The Qualitative phase included nine semi-structured interviews and Qualitative Content Analysis. This paper reports the results of the interviews. Results: As a consequence of training sessions, physicians learned that above the mental health problems, other issues such as self-efficacy and self-confidence are important for the management of depressive patients. Conclusions: This qualitative study shows that physicians are obtaining significant benefits from their training sessions.

Practical limitations of near-field goniophotometer measurements imposed by a dynamic range mismatch.

Within near-field goniophotometry, measurement results of both an imaging luminance measurement device and a photometer detector are combined to generate the luminous intensity distribution of a light source. The simultaneous use of these two detectors may engender incorrect measurement results, due to their difference in dynamic range. In this paper, near-field and far-field based luminous intensity distribution measurements of two luminaires are presented, in order to exemplify the problem. Results demonstrate that the distributions obtained from near-field measurements may deviate from the correct intensity distribution, by an amount of up to 16% of the total luminous flux of the luminaire. A method to check for the correctness of the luminous intensity distribution from the near-field measurement, the so-called sanity check, is discussed. To conclude, some possible solutions to eliminate the dynamic range mismatch induced errors are treated.

Manejo inicial del politraumatizado / Initial management of politraumatized patient

Trauma is today the first cause of death in young population; Motor vehicle crashes (MVC’s) are the main specific cause. The initial approach of the trauma patient takes place in the prehospital and hospital environment, following a systematic evaluation and priorizing some systems above others. Primary evaluation (with the classic sequence: ABCDE), sets intervention priorities that ultimately target a reduction in trauma early mortality. The in-corporation of ultrasonography in the evaluation of the trauma patient, has been fundamental in searching for injuries that may have been overlooked in the primary evaluation. Injuries that compromise ventilation may cause hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability. Early bleed control is the main therapeutic target in the trauma patient with active hemorrhage, which leads to reduction of early mortality and also prevents future complications. Fluid resuscitation is the main intervention to restore tissue perfusion. Also, the use of transfusional therapy, permissive hypotension and tranexamic acid must also be considered. Emergency Ultrasound is today a fundamental instrument in the initial trauma patient evaluation, because it greatly contributes to the evaluation of ventilatory derangement and hemodynamic instability causes. Finally, one must remember that trauma is a dynamic process, and therefore reevaluating is imperative, especially because findings of neurological deficit or deterioration in time, will ultimately conduct to the diagnose of injuries that cause brain hypoperfusion...

Edad máxima en la que una mujer puede ser madre con sus propios óvulos: revisión sistemática / Maximum age at which a woman can be a mother: systematic review

Antecedentes: La amplia realización de ciclos de ovodonación, en todo el mundo, se ha traducido en elevadas tasas de embarazos y partos en mujeres de diversas edades, incluyendo a postmenopáusicas tardías. Esto ha generado controversias y desafíos éticos, motivando a que muchos centros en los cuales se practican estas técnicas limiten la edad máxima de las mujeres receptoras. Objetivo: Buscar un criterio biológico y objetivo para definir esta edad, para conocer las edades máximas reportadas, en las cuales la mujer es capaz con sus propios gametos lograr un embarazo espontáneo y parto. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda amplia en las bases de datos de PUBMED y MEDLINE de artículos que reportaran mujeres que concibieron sobre 40 años y que especificaran la edad al momento del último parto, excluyéndose aquellos en los cuales se usaron técnicas de reproducción asistida. Resultados: Sólo dos trabajos completaron los criterios de inclusión y no presentaron los de exclusión. Las máximas edades reportadas fueron 49 y 52 años respectivamente. Conclusión: La edad máxima reportada en la literatura en la cual una mujer ha logrado un embarazo espontáneo y parto es a los 52 años.

Background: The broad use of oocyte donation cycles has resulted in high rates of pregnancy and child birth in women of different ages, including postmenopausal women. This has generated controversy and ethical challenges, motivating many centers to limit the maximum age of oocytes recipients. Aims: To seek a biological and objective criteria to define such maximal age, in which a woman is able to achieve a spontaneous pregnancy and give a birth. Methods: We performed a broad search PUBMED and MEDLINE including articles that reported women who conceived after age40 years and specify the age at last birth, excluding those who received donated eggs. Results: Only two articles presented the inclusion criteria and no exclusion. The maximum reported ages were 49 and 52 years respectively. Conclusion: The maximum age reported in the literature in which a woman has achieved a spontaneous pregnancy and birth with her own gametes is at 52 years.

Influencia de la abstinencia eyaculatoria en las características del espermiograma: revisión sistemática / Relationship between the duration of ejaculatory abstinence and sperm characteristics: systematic review of the literature

Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud propone que el tiempo de abstinencia eyaculatorio óptimo para evaluar los parámetros seminales del espermiograma sea entre 2 y 7 días. Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia científica para esta recomendación. Método: Se realizó esta revisión sistemática con el fin de evaluar la relación entre la duración de la abstinencia sexual y las características del espermiograma. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases MEDLINE y PUBMED incluyendo artículos prospectivos y retrospectivos donde se informara la abstinencia eyaculatoria y que el informe del espermiograma cumpliera con los criterios de la OMS. Se descartaron aquellos que incluyera hombres con tratamientos hormonales o con diabetes mellitus. Resultados: Encontramos cuatro trabajos que cumplieron los criterios de selección. De su análisis se desprende que tanto el volumen seminal como la concentración espermática varió con el tiempo de abstinencia, pero no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros de motilidad ni en la frecuencia de morfologías normales. Conclusión: No encontramos evidencia que apoye la política actual de abstinencia eyaculatoria previo a la evaluación del espermiograma...

Background: The World Health Organization proposed an ejaculatory abstinence to evaluate seminal parameters of 2 to 7 days. Objective: Evaluate the scientific evidence for this recommendation. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature, in order to assess whether there is a relationship between the duration of ejaculatory abstinence and sperm characteristics. We performed a search in databases MEDLINE and PUBMED including articles reporting ejaculatory abstinence and that met the WHO criteria for seminal analysis. Exclusion criteria included hormonal treatment or diabetes mellitus. Results: Four articles met the inclusion criteria. They reported that both semen volume and sperm concentration differed significantly according to ejaculatory abstinence, however we found no evidence that neither motility parameters nor normal morphology depended on ejaculatory abstinence. Conclusion: We found no evidence to support 2-7 days ejaculatory abstinence prior to perform a semen analysis...

Growth of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on silica gels.

Synthetic, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were grown on the surface of silica gels. The synthesis of those nanoparticles was obtained by immersing silica gels in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 degrees C. The SBF was replaced every week to keep constant the Ca and P ion concentration and subsequent growth of hydroxyapatite was evaluated after 1-6 weeks of total soaking time in SBF. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the surface of silica gel samples and confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) analysis. These particles show a regular shape and uniform size every week, keeping within the nanoscale always. Both the size and morphology of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles obtained are the result of the use of different chemical additives in the synthesis of silica gels, since they affect the liquid-to-solid interface, and the growth could correspond to a diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) process. A more detailed analysis, with higher magnifications, showed that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are not solid spheres, showing a branched texture and their size depends on the scale and resolution of the measure instrument.

Quantitative study of Leydig cell populations in mice exposed to low doses of cadmium.

Leydig cell morphological changes were evaluated using morphometric and stereological methods in male mice exposed to low doses of cadmium. A possible reversibility of the changes after cadmium withdrawal was also considered. Nuclear morphological parameters and stereological densities of the Leydig cell population were lower in the cadmium-exposed groups than in the control. The withdrawal of cadmium did not lead to any significant recovery of the morphological parameters. Nevertheless, numerical density increased significantly in the withdrawn groups, suggesting that the hyperplasia of interstitial cells could try to relieve morphological damage after cadmium withdrawal.

Synthesis and structural characterization of Mo-Ni-W oxide nanostructures.

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of Mo-Ni-W oxides. The precursor was prepared from an aqueous solution of ammonium heptamolibdate, ammonium metatungstate, and nickel nitrate with an atomic ratio of 1:1:1 (Mo:W:Ni). The solution was then transferred to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and heated to 200 degrees C and left at this temperature for 48 h. The resulting material was then washed and dried. The morphology and elemental composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The porosity was studied by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method. The materials synthesized at 200 degrees C remained amorphous and had a specific surface area of 114 m2/g with pore size of 34 A. The average length was 1 microm and the average diameter was 60 nm. The crystalline phase of synthesized material corresponded to W0.4Mo0.6O3 and WO3. After annealing at 550 degrees C for two hours, the material was polycrystalline with a segregated structure of MoO3, WO3; NiMoO4 was observed. The sublimation of the molybdenum oxide was evident when annealed at 900 degrees C for two hours and finally two crystalline phases of material remained; roundish WO3 and elongated particles of NiWO4.

Tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas, reporte de un caso / Pancreas pseudo-papillary tumor, a case-report

Pancreatic tumors are extremely rare, specially in children, where the pancreas pseudo-papillary tumor corresponds to 1 percent of primary pancreatic tumors, characterized by its low malignant potential. We report the case of a solid pancreas pseudo-papillary tumor in a 5 year-old female patient, presenting with prolonged abdominal pain. An abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography were performed, showing 2 tumors at the pancreas head and tail, with normal tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, P-HCG). The surgical treatment consisted on distal pancreatectomy with tumor enucleation at the pancreas head and tail, afterwards presenting acute pancreatitis that was medically treated. The biopsy confirmed pancreas solid pseudo-papillary tumor. In the 22 months follow-up period, the patient has remained disease-free.

Objetivo: Las neoplasias de páncreas son muy infrecuentes, más aún en la edad pediátrica, y el tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas corresponde alrededor del 1 por ciento de los tumores primarios de páncreas, caracterizándose por su bajo potencial maligno. Reportamos el caso clínico de un tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas en paciente pediátrico. La paciente es una niña de cinco años, la cual consultó por dolor abdominal prolongado, dentro de su estudio se realizó ecografía y escáner abdominal demostrando dos masas en cabeza y cola de pßncreas, con marcadores tumorales (alfafetoproteína, antígeno carcinoembrionario, P-HCG) normales. Se realizó pancreatectomía distal y enucleación del tumor de cabeza de páncreas; en postoperatorio evolucionó con pancreatitis de manejo médico. Biopsia confirmó tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas. En seguimiento de 22 meses la paciente se ha mantenido libre de enfermedad. Conclusión: Ante este raro tumor de páncreas se debe realizar un completo estudio preoperatorio y es recomendable la cirugía conservadora.

Co(Ni)/MoS2 nanostructured catalysts for the hydrodesulphurization of dibenzothiophene.

In this study Co(Ni)/MoS2 unsupported nanocatalysts (nanorods and nanoribbons) were synthesized with Co(Ni)/(Co(Ni) + Mo) = 0.3, 0.5 molar ratios for Co and Ni respectively. First the alpha-MoO3 nanostructures were impregnated with an aqueous solution of Co(Ni)Cl2 x 6H2O or Co(Ni)(NO3)2 x 6H2O, then were treated for 2 h at 473 K, and finally the precursors were activated under a H2S/H2 mixture (15% v/v H2S) by ramping the temperature from room temperature to 773 K and keeping it at that value for 2 h. The resulting materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, specific surface area and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested as catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). It was found that these materials presented specific surface areas below 25 m2/g. The catalytic test showed that only when Co is added a promoter effect is observed compared with MoS2 unpromoted catalysts. Among the materials prepared, the Co/MoS2 catalyst made from cobalt chloride presented the highest catalytic activity (6.95 mol s(-1) g(-1)catalyst) for the HDS of DBT. The selectivity for the latter indicated a clear preference for the direct desulphurization over the hydrogenating pathway.

[Endoscopic treatment with Deflux for primary vesicoureteral reflux]. / Resultado del tratamiento endoscópico con Deflux en el reflujo vesicoureteral primario.

PURPOSE: Effectivety for endoscopic treatment for primary reflux has been under discussion as a single procedure. In the last 3 years our unit have been used Deflux, (dextranomer copolymer in hialuronic acid) for this pathology. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of our experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 2002, a prospective protocol for VUR has been applied. We reviewed the last 25 cases treated with Deflux per thousand injection who had ultrasound and cistography. RESULTS: 86% (n = 21) were females and with a mean age of 6.1 years (range 2-14) the success rate with a single injection was 73.6% (n = 28). The amount of deflux injected was irrelevant in the result. The results in the low grades reflux (I-II) reaching the 100% (n = 15). The worse result was in the double system cases with just one successful case out of 6 injected. The procedure was in outpatient bases. There were no peri-procedures complications. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic treatment for VUR with Deflux, is a good alternative to medical treatment especially in single ureter with low grade. Therefore the authors recommend this technique at the time of counseling parents.

Resultado del tratamiento endoscópico con Deflux en el reflujo vesicoureteral primario / Endoscopic treatment with deflux for primary vesicoureteral reflux

Propósito: El tratamiento endoscópico en el reflujo vésicoureteral primario es una alternativa disponible desde hace ya un tiempo. En nuestro hospital estamos usando el Deflux (copolímero de dextranomero en acido hialurónico) desde 2002. En éste trabajo revisamos la efectividad de éste procedimiento en pacientes con distintos tipos y grados de reflujo. Método: Analizamos en forma prospectiva 25 pacientes, con 38 uréteres refluyentes, inyectados desde Enero 2002 hasta Diciembre 2005 que contaran con ecografía y uretrocistografía post operatoria. Resultados: El 86% (21) eran de sexo femenino, y su edad promedio fue de 6,1 años (2 a 14 a). El resultado fue exitoso en un 73,6% (n= 28) de los casos con una inyección, la cantidad de sustancia inyectada no fue relevante en el resultado. Se obtuvo mucho mejor resultado en los grados bajos, alcanzando un 100% de resolución en los grados 1 y 2 (n=15) al igual que en los casos de uréter simple y unilateral (n=10). El peor resultado fue obtenido en los casos de uréter doble, resolviéndose solo en 1 de 6 uréteres. El procedimiento fue siempre ambulatorio y no tuvimos complicaciones perioperatorias. Conclusiones: Nos parece que el tratamiento endoscópico con Deflux es un muy buen tratamiento para el reflujo vésicoureteral primario como alternativa tanto al tratamiento médico, como al quirúrgico, especialmente en los casos unilaterales y en sistemas únicos. Los autores recomiendan esta técnica en el momento de aconsejar a los padres

Purpose: Effectivety for endoscopic treatment for primary reflux has been under discussion as a single procedure. In the last 3 years our unit have been used Deflux, (dextranomer copolymer in hialuronic acid) for this pathology. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of our experience Material and methods: Since 2002, a prospective protocol for VUR has been applied. We reviewed the last 25 cases treated with Deflux‰ injection who had ultrasound and cistography. Results: 86% (n=21) were females and with a mean age of 6.1 years (range 2-14) the success rate with a single injection was 73.6% (n=28). The amount of deflux injected was irrelevant in the result . The results in the low grades reflux (I-II) reaching the 100% (n=15). The worse result was in the double system cases with just one successful case out of 6 injected. The procedure was in outpatient bases. There were no periprocedures complications. Conclusions: The endoscopic treatment for VUR with Deflux, is a good alternative to medical treatment especially in single ureter with low grade. Therefore the authors recommend this technique at the time of counseling parents

Optimization of the synthesis of alpha-MoO3 nanoribbons and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst test.

An optimized process for synthesis of alpha-MoO3 nanoribbons characterized by uniform morphology and composition was carried out. The optimized process turned out to be the aging of a precursor of an aqueous solution of ammonium heptamolybdate for a week under constant stirring at 333 K; followed by hydrothermal treatment for 36 h up to 48 h at 473 K. The dimensions of the nanoribbons were between 5 and 10 microm in length and a width between 100 and 600 nm. The thickness was between 60 and 200 nm. This material was tested for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by in situ activation and showed its catalytic activities to be similar to those of unsupported MoS2 catalysts. The structure and morphology of these materials was characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld method to determine the quantitative crystallographic phases. A chemical semiquantitative analysis was carried out by energy dispersive spectroscopy and a qualitative analysis was carried out by electron energy loss spectroscopy.