Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 3 de 3
Filter
Add more filters










Database
Language
Publication year range
1.
Neurosurg Clin N Am ; 28(4): 585-594, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28917286

ABSTRACT

Spinal instrumentation often involves placing implants without direct visualization of their trajectory or proximity to adjacent neurovascular structures. Two-dimensional fluoroscopy is commonly used to navigate implant placement, but with the advent of computed tomography, followed by the invention of a mobile scanner with an open gantry, three-dimensional (3D) navigation is now widely used. This article critically appraises the available literature to assess the influence of 3D navigation on radiation exposure, accuracy of instrumentation, operative time, and patient outcomes. Also explored is the latest technological advance in 3D neuronavigation: the manufacturing of, via 3D printers, patient-specific templates that direct implant placement.


Subject(s)
Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Spine/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Fluoroscopy/methods , Humans , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods
3.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab ; 34(4): 621-9, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24398937

ABSTRACT

The central nervous system (CNS) is an active participant in the innate immune response to infection and injury. In these studies, we show embryonic cortical neurons express a functional, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-responsive, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome that activates caspase-1. Neurons undergo pyroptosis, a proinflammatory cell death mechanism characterized by the following: (a) oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC); (b) caspase-1 dependency; (c) formation of discrete pores in the plasma membrane; and (d) release of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß). Probenecid and Brilliant Blue FCF, inhibitors of the pannexin1 channel, prevent AIM2 inflammasome-mediated cell death, identifying pannexin1 as a cell death effector during pyroptosis and probenecid as a novel pyroptosis inhibitor. Furthermore, we show activation of the AIM2 inflammasome in neurons by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and oligomerization of ASC. These findings suggest neuronal pyroptosis is an important cell death mechanism during CNS infection and injury that may be attenuated by probenecid.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Inflammasomes/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/immunology , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism , Brain Injuries/cerebrospinal fluid , Brain Injuries/immunology , Brain Injuries/metabolism , Brain Injuries/pathology , Caspase 1/metabolism , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Death , Cells, Cultured , Cerebral Cortex/cytology , Cerebral Cortex/embryology , DNA-Binding Proteins , Female , Humans , Immunity, Innate/drug effects , Inflammasomes/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/immunology , Neurons/pathology , Poly dA-dT/pharmacology , Probenecid/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Young Adult
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...