ABSTRACT
Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration represents a potentially attractive tool for the removal of different contaminants from wastewaters. The ultrafiltration of micellar solutions containing phenol or 4-nitrophenol was studied. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium sulfate, alkyl polyglucoside Glucopon 215 SC UP, and oxyethylated methyl dodecanoates with the average degree of oxyethylation equal to 5 and 9 were used as surfactants and NaHCO(3) as an electrolyte and alkalizing agent. Filtration and phenol rejection depends on the presence of NaHCO(3) and the type of surfactant. NaHCO(3) depresses to the filtration rate, especially in the case of SDS and hydrophobic oxyethylated methyl dodecanoate. The highest filtration rates are obtained for hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and alkyl polyglucoside micellar solutions. The best separations, both of phenol and 4-nitrophenol (almost 100% rejection), are obtained for CTAB micellar solutions at the pH range from 3 to 11. Nonionic surfactants are not effective enough for the separation of phenol and 4-nitrophenol. SDS solutions permit only the separation of phenol. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
ABSTRACT
In the paper below are presented the undesirable effects of aluminium in patients with chronic renal failure. Until now aluminum treatment has been used to reduce the level of phosphates in blood serum or in haemodialysis a this group of patients. The toxic activity is a result of cumulation of the element in organism, mainly owing to limited elimination through kidneys, but also as a consequence of disturbed absorption in digestive tract or intravenous infusion of blood serum and albumins. It can be expressed by several clinical syndromes, especially dialysis, encephalopathy, osteomalacia, microcystic++ anaemia, more rarely calcinosis and increased general morbidity and mortality rate. The diagnosis of suspected toxic activity of aluminium in patients with uraemia is based mainly on estimation of concentration of this ion in blood serum and aluminium deposits in skeletal system and skin. The effective treatment consist in intravenous infusions of deferoxamine in a dose 2 g 3 times a week for a long time.
