ABSTRACT
Chemical redox reactions are extremely efficient to prepare fully reduced or oxidized phases that are formed during the topotactic insertion/extraction of alkaline ions. Herein, we report these reactions and discuss the possibility to generate new ordered or disordered rock salt-type structures depending on the structure of the mother phase. We have shown that a disordered rock salt-type structure is formed when the transition element is located at the tetrahedral site, as exemplified by the formation of Na3V2O5 upon chemical reduction of V2O5.
ABSTRACT
The authors investigated the pineal blood supply in the rat, including microvascularisation, using different methods of vascular corrosion cast technique and two methods of inspection: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscope (LM). The animals were divided into three groups and injected with two types of casting media. It was found that the pineal gland is highly vascularised. Arterial supply is from the branches of the medial posterior choroidal artery which originates from the posterior cerebral artery. All veins drain into the great cerebral vein directly without forming the pineal vein. However, we noticed a short venous trunk between the great cerebral vein and the confluence of the sinuses. This venous trunk had not been described in literature till now and does not have a name in anatomical nomenclature. The authors showed the relationship of the pineal gland to adjacent venous vessels.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Veins/anatomy & histology , Microcirculation/ultrastructure , Pineal Gland/blood supply , Animals , Corrosion Casting , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Rats , Rats, WistarSubject(s)
Cytochrome b Group/genetics , Food Contamination/analysis , Milk/chemistry , Animals , Cattle , DNA Primers , Gene Amplification , Goats , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The authors present their own experiences with the treatment of nonunion of tibial fractures through application of prolonged interfragmentary variable compression. This method was applied by the authors in thirty six cases of tibial fracture aseptic nonunion. In 33 cases union with a good functional result was achieved in 17 weeks on average. In 2 cases satisfactory union with minimal angulation of the bone fragments was achieved. In one case the method was found to be unsuccessful. Prolonged interfragmentary variable compression is simple, safe and effective in the treatment of aseptic nonunion of tibial fractures.
Subject(s)
Fractures, Ununited/surgery , Orthopedic Procedures/methods , Tibial Fractures/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Asepsis , External Fixators , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Using a tensiometer in accordance with the drop volume principle, the surface tension decrease with time was determined for whole and for 2%, 10%, and 50% aqueous solutions of saliva from one healthy donor. The reduction of surface tension with time was also measured for 10% and 20% saliva solutions with added samples of Streptococcus salivarius KRF2, S. sanguis KRF3, and Actinomyces naeslundii 2t-55. The results show that 1) there is a time dependence of the surface tension reduction of both whole saliva and diluted saliva, 2) an increase of the concentration of whole saliva in salivary solutions gives rise to larger and more rapid surface tension reduction, 3) the proteinaceous components of saliva appear to have a dominant contribution on surface tension in whole saliva and diluted saliva, and 4) the surface-active proteinaceous components in saliva have the ability to dominate the air-saliva interface also in the presence of high concentrations of salivary bacteria.
Subject(s)
Actinomyces/physiology , Saliva/physiology , Streptococcus sanguis/physiology , Streptococcus/physiology , Adult , Air , Female , Humans , Isotonic Solutions/chemistry , Ringer's Solution , Saliva/chemistry , Saliva/microbiology , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/chemistry , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/physiology , Solutions , Surface Tension , Surface-Active Agents/chemistry , Surface-Active Agents/pharmacology , Time Factors , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
The paper presents five years experience in using the Molskich compression-distraction apparatus compatible with ZESPOL screws. A series of 51 patients was reviewed. Thirty-four cases of nonunion were managed using gradual controlled compression. Shortened limb was elongated in 4 patients (from 4 cm to 8 cm). In 6 cases late correction of inaccurate closed ZESPOL fixation in tibial fractures was done. In remaining 7 cases Molskich fixator was applied primarily for tibial fracture fixation. Good results in 50 cases proved usefulness of the device and encouraged us to present our observations.
Subject(s)
Fracture Fixation/instrumentation , Fractures, Ununited/surgery , Tibial Fractures/surgery , Adult , Bone Lengthening/methods , Bone Screws , Equipment Design , External Fixators , Fracture Fixation/methods , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Varying economic conditions and management systems in different countries have determined the foundation of legal regulations for sanitary food control. The legal system in Poland in the years 1795-1928 was subject to the laws of three partitioning powers: Prussia, Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. On March 28, 1928, the President of Poland passed three decrees equivalent to acts which had a significant impact on sanitary food control. The decrees took into account the following issues: animal protection, food products inspection and evaluation of slaughter animals and meat. For the people of Poland, who in the first half of the 20th century lived within the boundaries drawn by the partitioners, it was important that the legal systems had been based on German law, regarded the best possible at that time. Although the decrees were based on Prussian and Austrian regulations, the infrastructure of food production, of food trade and hygiene in Poland until 1945 was built on the Russian administrative foundation (2/3 of Polish territory) (Fig. 1). After World War II, the economic system established in Poland was subordinate to Soviet rules. This included food manufacturing plants as well as the system of food control. In 1989 Poland came through deep political and economic changes, but the legal system has remained the same. However, there are disputes about the scope between the National Hygiene Inspectors (PIS) operating under the Ministry of Health and Veterinary Hygiene Inspectors (WIS) subject to Woivod's Office.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Legislation, Food/history , Animals , Food/standards , Food Inspection/history , Food Inspection/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , PolandABSTRACT
The recent years have been conspicuous by an unusually dynamic arrangement of political, social and economic relations among all European countries. Scientific community of nations on our continent concerns also our discipline-veterinary medicine-giving numerous examples of common aims, beginning from the 1st Veterinary Congress in 1863, Hamburg. The present changes occurring in Europe give priority to individual scientific, professional and productive integration also in our veterinary science and practice. It must be said, too, that international exchange of goods stimulates not only their standardization as for production conditions and assessment methods, but also the level of consciousness and objective knowledge of the parties warranting the quality of the product. This concerns particularly the food products as for which the parties interested take into account the technical and sanitary norms concerning the products at all stages of their production. Hence the tendency to unification of veterinary studies in all Europe has been approved by all four facilities in Poland. Accession of our faculties to the European Association of Veterinary Medicine Faculties direct by Prof. TOMA, as well as of Czechoslovak and Hungarian faculties, is a clear example of these countries being ready to integration. Similarly, the resolutions of the Association concerning standardization of diplomas and professional specializations of veterinary surgeons in European Community would inspire the veterinary education centres to comparing and following unified organization and programmes of studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Education, Veterinary , Schools, Veterinary , European UnionABSTRACT
The rate of plaque accumulation on various materials used for fixed prostheses was investigated, and the composition of plaque formed on each surface was evaluated. Enamel, metal, acrylic resin, and porcelain surfaces were studied. Amounts of plaque that formed on the teeth and fixed restorations were scored using the method of Silness and Loe. Different individuals formed plaque at different rates, and the character and quantity of the plaque was different on the various materials. In a second study, acrylic resin, metal, and porcelain crowns were made for each of 10 patients. The amount of plaque absorbed onto each material after 1, 3, and 24 hours was recorded using scanning electron microscopy. The samples of dental plaque at 24 hours on each type of crown material were collected and investigated in a CHN Analyzer 184, revealing differences in the chemical composition of plaque adsorbed onto different surfaces. The results of SEM examination and biochemical analysis are presented.
Subject(s)
Crowns , Dental Plaque , Denture, Partial, Fixed/adverse effects , Acrylic Resins , Adsorption , Dental Alloys , Dental Porcelain , Dentures , HumansABSTRACT
Basing on clinical observations the authors present the influence of teaching and hygienic procedures on the state of denture bearing area in patients using frame dentures. The paper is based on 150 cases and it forms one of the stages of long-term clinical procedures performed during prosthetic treatment.
