[Effect of cascade plasma filtration on spectrum of subfractions of low density lipoproteins in blood plasma of patients with ischemic heart disease].

We studied effect of cascade plasma filtration on subfractions of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in 16 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and hyperlipidemias refractory to drug therapy. The procedure caused 37.6 ± 1.4%, 43.1 ± 2.5%, and 50.9 ± 1.4% lowering of total, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B-100, respectively. The use of filters led to removal of larger less atherogenic LDL-1 and LDL-2 subfractions with relative accumulation of small dense LDL-3, LDL-4, and LDL-5 subfractions. Lowering of concentrations of all LDL subfractions was caused by specific LDL apheresis by immunosorbtion in 4 patients with IHD. Removal of small dense LDL was more effective than that of large less atherogenic LDL-1 and LDL-2 subfraction. Thus we found differences in spectrum of LDL removed by cascade plasma filtration and immunosorbtion. The use of filters was associated with less effective removal of most atherogenic small dense LDL than of large LDL particles what led to redistribution of concentrations of various LDL subfractions towards atherogenic profile of lipoproteins. These results could constitute a basis for revision of methods of conduct of cascade plasma filtration procedures in patients with IHD.

[DNA aptamer based sorbents for binding human IgE].

DNA aptamer based sorbents are synthesized for binding human IgE. Sorbents effectively removed IgE from human blood plasma. The experimental values of IgE desorption constants were from 11 x 10(-l0) to 1.7 x 10(-10) M depending on the orientation of the aptamer, an insoluble matrix. The sorbents were stable during multiple use. Conditions for sorbent regeneration were picked up. These chromatographic materials can be used for medical and biotechnological applications.

[The immune-enzyme analysis based on chimeric molecule and oligopeptide fragmentations to detect autoantibodies to beta-adrenergic receptor in patients with dilation cardiomyopathy].

The article deals with specification of technique of immune-enzyme analysis to detect autoantibodies to beta-adrenergic receptors (beta1-AP) using compound of oligopeptids representing the fragmentations of extracellular sites beta1-AP and chimeric molecule of extracellular section of receptor This technique significantly exceeds the analogues defined in publications by its sensitivity and correlation with diagnosis.

[Affine sorbent with typtophil-threonil-tirosine for binding immunoglobulin G: sorption characteristics and aspects of practical application].

New chromatographic material based on tryptophil-threonil-tirosine was prepared. This sorbent effectively binds human, sheep, goat and cow immunoglobulins G. New sorbent shows high selectivity for removing immunoglobulins from blood plasma. Effective sorption capacity is 15-25 mg of immunoglobulin G per ml of matrix. Optimal method of covalent attachment ligand to polysaccharide matrix allows achieving high stability of the sorbents in terms of use and storage. This sorbent can be used in medicine and biotechnology.

[Preparation of affinity sorbents with immobilized synthetic ligands for therapeutic apheresis].

Preparation and stability of a few examples of medical sorbents are described. A simple and practical technique has been developed for sorbent preparation with the low weight synthetic ligands such as amino acids, peptides or oligosaccharides. This approach to sorbent preparation enables the development of the new affine columns generation for medicine and biotechnology to be carried out with ease.

[Ethnic differences in apolipoprotein B levels in hyperlipidemia in Russian and Kirghiz populations]. / Etnicheskie osobennosti v urovne apolipoproteina B pri giperlipidemiiakh u russkikh i kirgizov.

AIM: To evaluate the levels of apolipoprotein B (apo-B) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in Russians and the Kirghiz with primary hyperlipidemia (PHL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lipid spectrum of the blood (LDLP and HDLP cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides), apo-B, CHD risk factors were studied in 60 Russian and 75 Kirghis patients with PHL aged 28 to 67 years (mean age 50.0 +/- 7.59 years, 56 females and 79 males). RESULTS: In Russians a mean level of LDLP cholesterol and apo-B was significantly higher than in Kirghiz patients (3.95 +/- 1.29 mmol/l vs 3.51 +/- 1.17 mmol/l, p = 0.042; 173.3 +/- 57.3 mg/dl vs 145.5 +/- 49.3 mg/dl, p = 0.003, respectively). CHD in both ethnic groups occurred with similar rates. The multifactorial regression analysis shows that an apo-B concentration can serve an independent risk factor associated with CHD in the Kirghiz population (beta = 0.25, p = 0.03) while in Russians living in Kirghizia this factor is a low content of HDLP cholesterol (beta = -0.25, p = 0.05).

[Apheresis of immunoglobulins - new approach to the treatment of severe dilated cardiomyopathy]. / Aferez immunoglobulinov - novyi podkhod k lecheniiu tiazhelykh form dilatatsionnoi kardiomiopatii.

Two courses of immunoadsorption with 'Ig Adsopak' were used in the treatment of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) during which all class G and partially class M and A immunoglobulins were removed. Every course consisted of 5 daily procedures and resulted in removal of 98% of immunoglobulins. This was associated with complete removal of autoantibodies to beta1-adrenoreceptor. After the end of a course loss of immunoglobulins was replenished by intravenous infusion of Pentaglobin and Oktagam. Echocardiographic study carried out before, during and after second course of apheresis revealed reduction of left and right ventricular and atrial volumes and dimensions, improvement of contractility of anterior part of interventricular septum and of anterolateral left ventricular wall. As efficacy of drug therapy of dilated cardiomyopathy is low and facilities of cardiac transplantation are limited the method of therapeutic apheresis reveals novel perspectives of the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathies.

[Atherosclerosis of the major arteries of the head and the content of lipoprotein(a) in the blood plasma]. / Ateroskleroz magistral'nykh arterii golovy i soderzhanie lipoproteida(a) v plazme krovi.

It is established that atherosclerotic patients with impaired major arteries of the head have high concentration of blood lipoprotein (a) following ischemic disorder of cerebral circulation. Irrespectively of the clinical picture, atherosclerosis of the major head arteries correlated in severity with blood levels of lipoprotein (a). It is suggested that lipoprotein (a) can serve an essential biochemical marker of major head arteries atherosclerosis.

[A comparison of 3 methods of lipoprotein (a) isolation from human plasma]. / Sravnenie trekh metodov vydeleniia lipoproteida (a) na plazmy krovi cheloveka.

Three methods for purification of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] from human plasma were compared. Method I: two-stage ultracentrifugation with subsequent gel-filtration of Lp(a) containing fractions (1.063-1.090 g/ml) on Sepharose CL-4B. Method II: ultracentrifugation followed by affinity chromatography of plasma fraction (1.063 g/ml) on anti-apoB sorbent. Method III: affinity chromatography of the whole plasma on anti-apo(a) sorbent. The Lp(a) yield of these methods is 35, 54 and 41%, respectively. The method III is preferable of these three because it permitted high purification of a large amount of Lp(a) by single-step chromatography.

[Use of immunosorption for selective decrease of lipoprotein (A) levels in patients with coronary atherosclerosis]. / Primenenie immunosorbtsii dlia selektivnogo snizheniia urovnia lipoproteida (a) u bolnykh aterosclerozom.

Lipoprotein (a) [L(a)] is an atherogenic lipoprotein, its human plasma concentration correlates with the occurrence of coronary heart disease. The procedure for selectively removing L(a) with an anti-L(a) immunosorbent was performed to treat 3 patients who had high L(a), normal total cholesterol and other lipoprotein levels. All the patients had coronary stenosis as documented by angiography. After L(a)-apheresis, the level of L(a) decreased by 72%, while that of other plasma components, including low density lipoproteins virtually unchanged. Thus, the procedure of L(a)-apheresis is an effective and safe method for lowering human blood L(a) concentrations. In addition, this in vivo model allows information on L(a) metabolism to be obtained.

[Interaction of gangliosides with low-density proteins from human blood]. / Vzaimodeistvie gangliozidov s lipoproteinami nizkoi plotnosti krovi cheloveka.

Gangliosides have been shown to modulate the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low density lipoproteins (LDL). The direct interaction of LDL with various gangliosides has been studied. Binding of gangliosides to LDL immobilized on CNBr-Sepharose (LDL-Sepharose) and the influence of gangliosides on the fluorescence of LDL containing anthrylvinyl-labeled sphingomyelin were investigated. The binding of 3H-gangliosides to LDL-Sepharose, as well as fluorescence polarization of LDL were found to depend on the structure and concentration of the gangliosides in a specific saturable manner. The data obtained indicate that gangliosides interact with apolipoprotein B via specific binding sites.

[Theoretical and experimental substantiation of immunosorption procedures]. / Teoreticheskoe i eksperimental'noe obosnovanie protsedury immunosorbtsii.

The authors introduce a new approach in a clinical and experimental research termed immunosorption. They have developed highly specific and selective agarose-conjugated immunosorbent with monospecific goat antibodies against human LDL. The sorbent is used in clinical practice for removal of atherogenic lipoproteins from the patients plasma--LDL apheresis procedure. The advantages of affinity chromatography based on LDL-apheresis over plasma-pheresis and haemosorption are discussed. Nonspecific adsorptive, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions that take place during haemosorption do not provide the required selectivity, while immunosorption procedure enables minimization of nonspecific adsorption of plasma compounds during LDL-apheresis. Several examples illustrate clinical applications of immunosorption method.