ABSTRACT
The novel paclitaxel formulation (nanoparticle albumin-bound [nab] paclitaxel (Abraxane(®)) has recently been approved by the US FDA for treatment of breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy for metastatic disease or relapse within 6 months after adjuvant chemotherapy. Apart from its superior efficacy, as demonstrated in the pivotal Phase III study, less toxicity compared with the traditional solvent-containing paclitaxel (Taxol(®)) seems to contribute to its favorable therapeutic index. While approved as a single agent, nab-paclitaxel may prove more effective in combination with either biologic agents and/or other cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, as summarized in this article.
Subject(s)
Albumins/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy , Paclitaxel/therapeutic use , Animals , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic/methods , Female , Humans , Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/drug therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/etiology , Mandibular Diseases/etiology , Mycophenolic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Azathioprine/administration & dosage , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Gingival Diseases/drug therapy , Gingival Diseases/etiology , Gingival Diseases/virology , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology , Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology , Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Iatrogenic Disease , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/diagnosis , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/drug therapy , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/virology , Mandibular Diseases/drug therapy , Mandibular Diseases/virology , Mycophenolic Acid/adverse effects , Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use , Oral Ulcer/drug therapy , Oral Ulcer/etiology , Oral Ulcer/virology , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Remission Induction , Rituximab , Virus Activation/immunologyABSTRACT
Clear cell adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder are rare tumors with an unknown histogenesis. Since these tumors appear histologically similar to clear cell tumors of the female genital tract, a mullerian histogenesis has been proposed. Several publications have examined the immunohistochemical properties of clear cell adenocarcinomas to improve understanding of the cause and pathogenesis of this tumor. While specific criteria for a diagnosis of clear cell adenocarcinoma have not been defined, there are consistent staining patterns suggested for characterization. We present an important case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder with a unique staining pattern. We review the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis and various theories concerning the origin of this rare tumor.
