ABSTRACT
School nurses (as well as other school personnel) have a role and a responsibility to help prevent verbal harassment and violence toward gay and lesbian students. The literature about verbal harassment and violence toward students in schools is scant, and there is even less written about the school nurse's role in addressing such concerns. This article points out the potential role of school nurses in addressing this issue if they will put aside personal biases and get involved in, or initiate, homophobia awareness programs and advocate for gay and lesbian students.
Subject(s)
Homosexuality , School Nursing , Sexual Harassment/prevention & control , Violence/prevention & control , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Job Description , Male , Primary PreventionABSTRACT
A number of factors limit the usefulness of blood or metabolic profiles. These include sampling problems, low correlations with nutrient intake, inconsistent patterns in disease, and difficulties in interpretation. Despite these limitations, profiles properly used may serve as an adjunct to more conventional technology in alleviating some dairy herd problems. Their use appears justified when feed analysis, ration evaluation, disease testing, and checks on management do not alleviate herd problems. Considerable potential for misuse of profiles exists due to the complexities of interpretation.
Subject(s)
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Cattle Diseases/blood , Cattle/blood , Anemia/veterinary , Animals , Blood Specimen Collection/veterinary , Calcium/blood , Economics , Female , Hemoglobins/analysis , Parturient Paresis/blood , Pregnancy , Reference Values , Tetany/veterinaryABSTRACT
Trace element content of feeds is extremely variable compared to total digestible nutrients or protein. Differences are wide between low and high values for many trace elements within a given type of feed. Coefficients of variation for forages range from 42 to 100%. Summary data are given for both major and trace elements. Problems in supplementation are discussed. Amounts for some elements are skewed with relatively few samples around the mean and over 60% below the mean. Suggested mineral allowances for dairy cows are listed. Under current supplementation, zinc is the trace element most likely to be limiting and manganese the least likely. Iron, copper, cobalt, and iodine may be limiting in some cases. Needs of research and applied nutrition are presented.
