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1.
Ital J Anat Embryol ; 120(1): 33-9, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26738256

ABSTRACT

This rare case of amelia in a doe-goat was observed in Tarka local government area, Benue State, middle belt region of Nigeria. The congenital deformity consisted of complete agenesis of the affected fore limb; the defect is commonly unilaterally manifested. The present congenitally impaired goat was approximately one and a half years old, and was a second kiddling of a normal multiparous dam. The left fore limb was grossly vestigial in development, while the homologous right hoof was splayed; the hind limbs were anatomically normal. Radiographs revealed morphological aberrations in intergumentary, skeletal, vascular, nervous systems and musculature of the affected limb. Sahel goat is alien to this developmental syndrome and this is to the best of our knowledge--the first case report of left sided brachial agenesia, (amelia) in a doe-goat of this breed. By season of occurrence, the hypothesis of interplay between genetics, climate and environment at large in the pathogenesis of this hereditary anomaly is raised and supported by the abundance of phytoteratogens in alternative diets in the dry seasons. The condition is compatible with life but may contribute to reproductive and economic loss in farms.


Subject(s)
Goat Diseases/congenital , Limb Deformities, Congenital/veterinary , Animals , Goats
2.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 44(8): 1953-6, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22573007

ABSTRACT

Camelus dromedarius dental disorders were surveyed using abattoir samples from Maiduguri, Nigeria. A total of 313 heads, were randomly examined. The age and sex of the heads were estimated using standard methods and disorders were observed following the split of the oral commissure. Heads with multiple disorders were counted once and of 313 heads, 114 (41.67 %) and 199 (58.33 %) were males and females, respectively. Heads aged <5 years was 18.21 %; 5-10 years, 44.41 %; and >15 years was 37.38 %. Whereas 22.61 % of the total heads had one disorder or another, 7.98 and 14.06 % of the disorders belonged to male and female heads, respectively. The prevalence rate of the disorders observed include dental tartar and calculus (5.42 %), inward rotation of incisors (2.87 %), fractured teeth (7.66 %), maleruption (0.31 %), oligodontia (0.31 %), gingivitis (4.15 %), ulcerated cheek(0.63 %), and presence of foreign body(0.31 %) in the mouth. Prevalence rate of oral-cavity abnormalities in relation to age of the total heads is 5.75, 5.11, and 10.54 % for animals <5, between 5 and 10 years, and 10-15 years, respectively. Furthermore, heads that were affected with various types of disorders are 31.58 % (<5 years of age), 11.51 % (aged 5-10 years), and 28.21 % (>15 years). The study serves as a call for increased oral-cavity health care of camels.


Subject(s)
Camelus , Mouth Diseases/veterinary , Tooth Abnormalities/veterinary , Tooth Diseases/veterinary , Tooth Injuries/veterinary , Age Factors , Animals , Female , Male , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prevalence , Sex Factors , Tooth Abnormalities/epidemiology , Tooth Diseases/epidemiology , Tooth Diseases/etiology , Tooth Injuries/epidemiology
3.
Brain Res Bull ; 78(6): 276-82, 2009 Mar 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19111909

ABSTRACT

Preparations of Ficus platyphylla have been used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the management of epilepsy for many years and their efficacy is widely acclaimed among the Hausa communities of northern Nigeria. The anticonvulsant properties of the saponin rich fraction (SFG) obtained from the methanol extract of F. platyphylla stem bark were studied on pentylenetetrazole-, strychnine- and maximal electroshock seizures in mice. Effects of SFG were also examined in murine models for neurological disease and on relevant in vitro targets for anticonvulsant drugs. SFG protected mice against pentylenetetrazole- and strychnine-induced seizures; and significantly delayed the onset of myoclonic jerks and tonic seizures. SFG failed to protect mice against maximal electroshock seizures at doses tested. SFG neither abolished the spontaneous discharges induced by 4-aminopyridine in a neonatal rat brain slice model of tonic-clonic epilepsy nor could it modulate chloride currents through GABA(A) receptor channel complex in cultured cortical cells. However, it was able to non-selectively suppress excitatory and inhibitory synaptic traffic, blocked sustained repetitive firing (SRF) and spontaneous action potential firing in these cultured cells. Our results provide scientific evidence that F. platyphylla stem bark may contain psychoactive principles with potential anticonvulsant properties. SFG impaired membrane excitability; a property shared by most anticonvulsants particularly the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) blocking drugs, thus supporting the isolation and development of the saponin components of this plant as anticonvulsant agents.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Ficus/chemistry , Phytotherapy , Plant Bark/chemistry , Saponins/therapeutic use , Seizures/drug therapy , 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology , Animals , Brain/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Electroshock , Female , Male , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Mice , Neurons/drug effects , Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects , Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism , Saponins/isolation & purification , Seizures/chemically induced , Strychnine/pharmacology
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